Karl Popper and Evolutionary Concept of Epistemology
Ebrahim
Ashni Alvandi
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران
author
Majid
Akbari Dehagi
استادیار دانشگاه آزاد ، واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران
author
text
article
2008
per
Epistemology and its formational trend have been always one of the discussions in various parts of science; and nowadays modern sciences have plentiful effects on the process of epistemological studies. Different men of letters from various fields have also studied and scrutinized it. Among these researches, evolutionary epistemology wants to explain the process of formation of epistemology by modeling it through evolution theory. Here I do effort to investigate Karl Poppers’ view point of epistemology which has been affected by Darwin’s theory of evolution and biogenesis. Human beings always criticize adaptation of their theories and, rather, their epistemology to survive the environment and conditions more and better and also improve their cognition. Thus In this essay the first section has a glance on evolution itself and then the two other sections will study epistemology and its criticisms done by Popper. Finally his evolutionary concept of epistemology will be surveyed.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
2
v.
205
no.
2008
1
22
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_2899_a1c04439254fb7094e5a2b247952eff6.pdf
Freedom and the possible worlds from the viewpoint of Leibniz
Mohammad Ali
Ejei
استاد گروه فلسفه دانشگاه اصفهان
author
Amrolla
Moeen
دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2008
per
One of the most important topics in Leibniz's thoughts is thoughs is the nature of freedom. Here, he attempted to develop an analysis of freedom by which he can show how God and human beings can be free in the same sense. To solve the problems of freedom in God and human beings. Leibniz highlights some important points, such as: the distinction between absolute and hypothetical necessity, and the theory of possible worlds. This essay shows that Leibiz’s attempts for solving the problem of freedom leads to some difficulties, and finally results in a kind of determinism.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
2
v.
205
no.
2008
23
53
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_2906_0b1d6658a8a4a3b94e7e4e51bfa39c0c.pdf
Hermeneutics as general art of interpretation in Schleiermacher’s viewpoint
Hossein
Kalbasi
دانشیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
Gholam Hossein
Ahmadi
دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
text
article
2008
per
In this assay, I am going to introduce Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics. hermeneutics, from its beginning in the Greek tradition up till eighteen century, ha been applied to serve sacred text, and all the meaning of sacred texts were being understood by using rhetoric and critical approach along with the linguistic and grammatical regularities.
But, by Schleiermacher, hermeneutics as the general art of interpretation got out of the realm of sacred text and is used to understand very text. Schleiermacher, affected by Romantists, Philologists, and The Enlightenment, maintains that to understand a text we have to re-create or reconstruct author’s creation. This includes two types of reconstruction: grammatical and psychological. Overcoming the psychological over the first later texts. he, by using divinatory method, tried to reach the subjectivity of the author. Therefoer, beside the first pair of opposites, i.e., grammatical and technical, we can see a second pair, divination and comparison. Here, we will discuss about Schleeiermacher’s hermeneutics by focusing on his key elements.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
2
v.
205
no.
2008
55
77
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_2907_7a3b02507762c466d15c0c487520578c.pdf
An Analysis of Meinong’s Theory of Objects
Leila
Kian khah
دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
Mohammad
Saeedi Mehr
عضو هیأت علمی گروه فلسفه دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2008
per
Alexius Meinong is one of the contemporary analytic philosophers who has enormously influenced his successors. His philosophy was in some features affected by the Greek philosophical tradition besid Brentano and Twardovski. One of the most prominent principles of his philosophy is to distinguish "being" from "so-being", the latter is something beyond the existence or non-existence of the objects. Having this distinction in mind, He then turns to investigate the "so-being" inexistence entities like the "circle–square ". He calls the realm of the so-beings "ausser sein" (extra existence) and tries to make it the foundation of his theory of objects. This article shows, through a comprehensive and subtle examination of this theory, that "ausser sein" lies beyond the existence and non-existence; it is the universe of pure objects and has a weak degree of objective reality.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
2
v.
205
no.
2008
79
106
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_2908_8a88d5e8ece7f0901a3c109b8e537964.pdf
Truth and nullity (nothingness) in Mowlavi and Heidegger
Mahmood
Navali
استاد دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2008
per
It can be seen that the most new and contemporary thoughts, through the comparative studies, have been somehow pt forward sporadically but clearly by mystics and some Iranian philosophers. Considering this can bring about both self- confidence to our past and a hope for having more notice to the sympathy between East and West. A constutive interpretation of "(nothingness) is one of these thoughts which in Islamic tradition has been regarded as a turning point of freedom, and it is also in Existentialism a vas of every being and the pivot of truth.
In the light of disclosing man’s truth, Existentialists have claimed that truth comes from untruth. Getting out of actual beings and moving towards what actually "does not exist" is an introductory step, and a necessary condition of this disclosedness. Being successful in this way is the same as escaping from the jail of sham certainties and crude dogmas.
This article investigates the relationship between truth and nullity (nothingness) in Mowlavi )as a great representative of Islamic tradition) and Heidegger (as one of the highest features of Existentialism).
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
2
v.
205
no.
2008
107
124
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_2909_cdcd26862b9b53117edc66ee3f55b7a5.pdf
The Theory of Conventional Conceptions and its Theoretical and practical Effects
Hamidreza
Hashemi
مربی دانشکده تربیت معلم دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی-واحد تهران جنوب
author
text
article
2008
per
The theory of authentic conceptions, in its general form, is a new theory introduced by the Great Interpreter and Moslem theosophist the late all knowing Mohammad Hussein Tabataba’ee into the field of philosophical argumentation. Doctrines brought up in argumentations of logics and the old philosophical anthropology and also controversies in the Rhetoric Science, and Moslem Scholastic Theology and the Islamic Legal Theory, some have paved the way in his sensitive mind and others provided the raw material for that theory. The theory teaches us that human beings, in their interaction with the environment take action to make devices of the kind of thought. These thoughts, being present in any kind of individual and social action, describe the things and human beings relevant to us, using titles, qualities and attributes which are not true whatsoever. The moral, legal, economic and political laws are all of this type of thoughts. Recognition and distinguishing them from the real thoughts and knowing how to think and research in them adequately, not only increases our scientific insight, but also will teach us how to think and which errors to avoid, while making individual and social decisions.1
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
2
v.
205
no.
2008
125
156
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_2910_b98db20a0001c8f24be473a454702687.pdf
On Pol Vandevelde’s "A Critique of Gadamer''s Critical Pluralism": Some Questions
Alireza
Azadi
Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2008
per
Perhaps it is not more than four or five decades that the hermeneutics of Heidegger and Gadamer is recognized by the scholars, but during this short period, we have seen tempestuous critics and objections against their hermeneutical thoughts. Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, after publication of Wahrheit und Methode in 1960, has met with many criticisms. One of the major areas in which Gadamer has sustained criticism is epistemology. Although the topic of epistemology is not the central point of TM, his hermeneutics does call to mind the question, what can we know? And “how is understanding possible, not only in the humanities but in the whole of man’s experience of the world?” Does Gadamer’s hermeneutics lead to relativism, the very thing he appears quite ardently to fight in his critique of historicism? Pol Vandevelde1 is someone who has recently criticized Gadamer’s hermeneutics from the perspective of traditional hermeneutics. He published a book entitled: "The Task of the Interpreter: Text, Meaning, and Negotiation”. The first two chapters of this book, especially the second chapter, with the title “Interpretation as Event: A Critique of Gadamer’s Critical Pluralism,” is devoted to attacking some aspects of Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. I will state the general schema of his book and his critiques of Gadamer as they have been put forward in the first 62 pages of his book. In my conclusion, I will raise five questions or contradictions in Vandeveld’s theory of interpretation.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
2
v.
205
no.
2008
1
17
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_2911_45fda8920d06834e733e0e8eb44f5210.pdf