Content of No. 22
text
article
2018
per
Content of No. 22
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
0
0
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_7763_2ec184308d75a8b67372e7ee3d25366d.pdf
Some Evidences Concerning Kierkegaard’s Conception of the Meaning of Life which Based on the Creating of the Meaning
Meysam
Amani
Assistant Professor, Ahvaz Branch, İslamic Azad University
author
Reza
Akbari
Associate Professor, Imam Sadiq University
author
text
article
2018
per
The present paper examines the concept of the meaning of life in the Soren Kierkegaard’s view. Kierkegaard sees the concept of "meaning" as "end" and believes in "biology" as the supreme biologist. Based on evidence from his works, he believes that the end is not to be discovered in biology, but it is creatable. There are three witnesses to this: first, the end is, in Kierkegaard's view, paradoxical, and paradox is not real, but mental. Secondly, Christianity, in his opinion, is anxious, not religious, and religion is unreasonable, and in relation to the mind not connected with the outside, and third, that he does not consider God as an active being, but rather the existence of anxiety, The mind and mind of man. Kierkegaard's predictions in this evidence include ontological non-reality, individualism, and faith. An analysis of these three presumptions suggests that Kierkegaard believed in the supposition of meaning in life.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
1
15
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16098_6b9ffc81f2ce9db6512662b3807bd3f5.pdf
Analyzing of mulla sadra's reading from suhravrdi's idea on the relation of sensible light and incorporeal light
Ali
Babaei
Assistant Professor of Philosophy Department, Mohaghegh Ardebibi University
author
text
article
2018
per
The main headstone of Illuminationwisdom is light, such as the one of the transcendentwisdom is existence. According toMullasadra, the existence in his philosophy isthe same as the light in Suhravardi, idea. But thereis some of existence kinds such as body that is not light in Suhravardi doctrines and he believe that only sensible light is one kind of light among all of bodes; this is very powerful impediment to know that light and existence are same. So, Mullasadra make efforts to criticize the doctrine of Suhravardi in this subject. Abstract of Mullasadra criticizes is that: or all of materials are light or the material light is not light. we want to explain that even according to the some principles of transcendent philosophy such as relation between truth and it's thin there is no conflict between Suhravardi idea; so also the matter is darken and also the material light is light.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
17
28
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_14981_e295d6565ad02107408e3cf2e2cee51c.pdf
The place of psychology according to Aristotle
Ahmad
Hosseini
Assistant Professor, Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan
author
text
article
2018
per
A problem concerning Aristotle’s psychology asks where its right place is. Should it be studied in the physics or in metaphysics or some part of it in physics and some other part in metaphysics? There are two views concerning the place of psychology according to Aristotle’s philosophy of science. The first view which is the predominant, says that psychology is a physical science. This view insists on the close relationship between soul and body. The second view says that psychology has indeed two distinct parts. One part being studied in physics and the other part in metaphysics. According to this theory, the material souls are being studied in physics and the immaterial souls in metaphysics. It is true that the two theories find evidences in Aristotle’s books, but this article criticizes them and shows that in spite of the Aristotelian texts, one cannot consider psychology as a physical science. This article tries to show that according to the Aristotelian basics, psychology in a metaphysical science and Aristotle’s texts shows nothing but the close relationship between psychology and physics.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
29
44
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16097_078ca44510941a1ac3c42e2336c610d3.pdf
Evolutionary Epistemology of Donald Campbell
Farshid
Daneshpajooh
PhD Candidate of Philosophy of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Hadi
Samadi
Assistant Professor of Philosophy of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
Ahmad Reza
Hemmati Moghaddam
Assistant Professor of Philosophy of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
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Donald Thomas Campbell is among the psychology and sociology scientists which has played a great role in developing the evolutionary approach towards philosophy of science, morals and in particular epistemology. Campbell named his epistemological ideas which are a kind of descriptive epistemology, evolutionary epistemology. In this approach, he uses the logic of natural selection process to explain the different levels of epistemology from biological levels to culture and science levels. In other words, he is trying to classify the general theories on the epistemology relating to the natural selection by the data gained from biology, psychology, and sociology sciences. Campbell consider blind variation and selective retention mechanism as universal mechanism of evolutionary processes among biological, learning, creativity and scientific changes processes. In this article, in addition to giving a descriptive-analytical report and criticizing the evolutionary epistemology of Campbell, we also pay attention to the psychological results of his evolutionary epistemology.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
45
62
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_15759_7bbc5a1dcd5a61e8b6779ba70f46a01b.pdf
The Concept of "Interest": Kant & Adorno
Arman
Shoja
M.A. of Philosophy of Art, Tehran University of Art
author
Amir
Maziar
Assistant Professor of Philosophy of Art Department, Tehran University of Art
author
text
article
2018
per
In the first moment of the analytic of the beautiful, in the first section of his book, Kant analyses judgment of taste (which he defines as judging something to be beautiful) concerning its quality. He writes: in order to call something beautiful, a human being must judge it as the object of impartial satisfaction or dissatisfaction. This "disinterestedness" or "impartiality" of the judgment of taste has attracted many scholars of Kant's aesthetics, on the one hand because of its importance for Kant's analysis and, on the other hand, because of its ambiguous character. One of the prominent figures who was attracted by this part of Kant's analysis is Theodor Adorno. In this paper, I have tried to get a closer look at the first section of Kant's third Critique, put forward the discussions which it gave rise to and finally answer some of the critiques. Also, I will investigate in more details Adorno's ideas on the "disinterestedness" of judgment of taste and the consequences of this approach to the concept of beauty and arts; I will argue that how Adorno- based on his philosophy in relation to art and the concept of beauty, and with the use of an dialectical way of thinking- gives us a new point of view to look at the subject and theorizes that. In the end, I will try to answer some of the critiques with regard to other sections of the third Critique in order to have a better understanding of Kant's position.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
63
76
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16113_ac905e681d1131a85b916a8f921c2a1c.pdf
Hobbes interpretation of human nature and its effect on the formation of his political philosophy
Mostafa
Shahraeini
Associate Professor of Philosophy Department, University of Tabriz
author
Bayan
Karimi
PhD of Philosophy, University of Tabriz
author
Yousef
Nozohour
Associate Professor, Allameh Tabatabae'i Uiversity, Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
Hobbes political thought is based on his twofold analysis of mankind: Human being, on one hand, as a composed material body in the network of mechnical forces follows his desires and passions. He, on the other hand studies the concepts of right and duty in order to establish community through contract. Hobbes tries to reconcile his political system with materialistic analysis of human behaviour. For this reason, in Hobbes thought , to be aware of political organisation depends on recognizing human nature and to recognise human passions and moods depends on the recognition of mechnical principles and physical laws. Hobbes ethics and politics are compatible with his mechanical materialism as well, and they are occasionally explained on the same ground. Our leading questions in this article are as follows: 1. what are the characteristics of human nature as one of the main elements of Hobbes psychological system? 2. How has Hobbes compiled his political philosophy on the basis of human nature characteristics? This article mainly claims that Human nature is based on the principles of motion and mechanical principles in Hobbes view , and as a result mankind has not been able to establish political community naturally. Mankind is civil not naturally but compulsorily and should be forced to be social , that is to say , the pitical society order is not natural order but artificial one which is manifested in the content of contract items. Therefore Hobbes mechanical psychology prepare the way for his civil philosophy.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
77
89
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16087_365c0fc568e15d8cf7e6d095e5790385.pdf
The consideration of evolutionary explanation about ethical behavior : biological altruism & moral Altruism
Haleh
Abdollahi Rad
PhD in philosophy of religion and modern issues of theology. Science and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University. Tehran. Iran
author
Hassan
Miandari
Assistant Professor, Institute for Research in Philosophy, Tehran. Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
According to development of biology, particularly in the field of evolutionary biology, this science claim presented scientific explanation about human phenomena ,including religion and ethics. About the origin of moral behavior in humans, a group of evolutionary biologists believe that ethical behavior in human beings has developed during evolutionary process over time while the other group of them belief that there are many difference between animals and human in ethical behaviors.In this article we will talk about the altruistic behavior as a moral behavior and views of two gropes of biologists will be reviewed.we have discussed around tow subjects:-biological explanations could not present meaningful difference about the nature of ethical behavior in human and animals-human nature necessitated a special kind of finality in human beings moral behaviors.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
91
104
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16115_3f995e737788da02a321635004580482.pdf
"On the Foundations of Russell's Logistic Thesis"
Masoomeh
Ali Hassanzadeh Asl
MA of Philosophy, University of Tabriz
author
Masoud
Omid
Associate Professor of Philosophy Department, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2018
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This dissertation is concerned with a general account of Logicism as developed within Russell’s philosophy of mathematics. To expound this account it will be demonstrated that after developing platonic atomism, Russell attempted to present his Logicism in The Principles of Mathematics as a view opposed to an idealistic account of mathematics. However, a number of paradoxes arose that had their roots deep in Russell’s metaphysical views. Afterward it is shown that to evade these paradoxes, Russell adopts a view that allows for ontological distinctions and then introduces a full-fledged theory of types in Principia Mathematica. Nevertheless, the new framework yields problems of its own that pose a threat to Russell’s object-centered metaphysics but also deprives him of handling truths of unrestricted generality. He present a final version of his Logicism, Russell’s way out of these issues will be set forth which comes in form of axioms of reducibility and infinity.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
105
119
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16114_1666416342d1ca23fc9de25b0156ada4.pdf
A Comparison between Constructional Ethics of Allameh Tabatabai and Emotionalism of Ethich of Ayer
Mohammad Hassan
Karimi
Assistance Professor, University of Shiraz, Iran
author
Khadijeh
Ghorbani Sisakht
PhD Candidate of Philosophy of Education, University of Shiraz
author
text
article
2018
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According to some theories about the nature of moral concepts, these concepts can be included into four categories: objective (external), philosophical, emotional (affective) and constructional (contractual). To solve some of the philosophical problems, Allameh Tabatabai suggests the new theory of constructional perceptions. Dividing the constructions, he considers ethics as a part of the constructional concepts. Some of the features he considers for moral conventions such as relativeness, originating from the feelings and needs, the lack of truth and falsifiability, etc., puts this theory in close similarity with the theory of moral emotionalism from Ayer, contemporary positivist philosopher. Aside from the commonalities of the two theories, there are fundamental differences between them that should not be ignored, including that by suggesting this view, Ayer seeks to reject the metaphysics, but by suggesting conventions theory (as a whole), Allameh seeks the consolidation of rationalization and philosophical principles.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
121
135
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16093_f8ff2ab16217a23cc8218c87d94c3aef.pdf
Analysis of the relationship between consciousness and the subject of thought Louis Althusser
Mohammad
Nejad Iran
Young Researchers and Elite club, Robatkarim Branch, Islamic Azad University, Robatkarim, Iran/
author
text
article
2018
per
Althusser is considered as a pioneer of Hegelian interpretation of Marx's theory. His theoretical framework presents the most complicated conception of social structure. He criticizes the concept of the subject, as the foundation of modern epistemology, as well as an ideological picture of human. By this means, he manifested the weakness of this concept. Through review of Marx’s later works, he showed that contrary to what humanist Marxists claims, the importance of his work is producing a new problem; i.e. history as a material fact, independent to human conciseness and willing. In the modern theoretical field, he presents a new materialistic formation of the history of human social life. For Althusser, the most important result of this was exiting the concept of subject of the modern thought. His attempt to separat consciousness and subject leads to an essential evolution in Marxist structuralism. Althusser attempt to show that human isn’t the actor of history and signifier of its direction. In principle, history is more the outcome of partial independence of economic, political and ideological structures, than the product of willing and consciousness and interaction of subject.
Journal of Philosophical Investigations
University of Tabriz
2251-7960
12
v.
22
no.
2018
137
152
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16092_9dbbdbb34a604123e8ba406ae2771188.pdf