ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The digital police state: Fichte’s revenge on Hegel
When the threat posed by the digitalization of our lives is debated in our media, the focus is usually on the new phase of capitalism called “surveillance capitalism”: a total digital control over our lives exerted by state agencies and private corporations. However, important as this “surveillance capitalism” is, it is not yet the true game changer; there is a much greater potential for new forms of domination in the prospect of direct brain-machine interface (“wired brain”). First, when our brain is connected to digital machines, we can cause things to happen in reality just by thinking about them; then, my brain is directly connercted to another brain, so that another individual can directly share my experience). Extrapolated to its extreme, wired brain opens up the prospect of what Ray Kurzweil called Singularity, the divine-like global space of shared awareness … Whatever the (dubious, for the time being) scientific status of this idea, it is clear that its realization will affect the basic features of humans as thinking/speaking beings: the eventual rise of Singularity will be apocalyptic in the complex meaning of the term: it will imply the encounter with a truth hidden in our ordinary human existence, i.e., the entrance into a new post-human dimension, which cannot but be experienced as catastrophic, as the end of our world. But will we still be here to experience our immersion into Singularity in any human sense of the term?
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9436_37bbec1815ee6869dbf748543eefd505.pdf
2019-10-23
1
19
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35740.2405
Digital control
wired brain
singularity
post-humanity
subjectivity
Slavoj
Žižek
szizek@yahoo.com
1
Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis at The European Graduate School / EGS, Saas Fee -Switzerland
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Metzinger, Thomas (2004) Being No One. The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity, Cambridge: MIT
1
- Hegel, G.W.F. (1999) Political Writings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
2
- Hegel, G.W.F. (1977) The Difference between Fichte’s and Schelling’s System of Philosophy, Albany: SUNY Press
3
- Fichte, J.G. (2000) Foundations of Natural Right According to the Principles of the Wissenschaftslehre, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000
4
- Harari, Yuval Noah & Deus, Homo (2016) A Brief History of Tomorrow, London: Harvill Secker 2016
5
- Kobe, Zdravko “The Interface of the Universal: On Hegel’s Concept of the Police,” available online at http://journal.instifdt.bg.ac.rs/index.php?journal =fid&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=728&path%5B%5D=624.
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Personal or Impersonal Knowledge?
Reflections on the contrast between the titles of Popper’s Objective Knowledge and Polanyi’s Personal Knowledge led Haack to explore how Polanyi’s ideas might be used to correct some of the distortions caused by Popper’s refusal to allow any role in epistemology to the knowing subject, and thus to throw light on such questions as the relations between the knower and the known, between epistemology and psychology and sociology of knowledge, and between subjectivity and objectivity.Key words: epistemology; philosophy of science; Karl Popper; Michael Polanyi; knowing subjects; personal judgment.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9430_3cb5b518b5686fb982d97465c70242a6.pdf
2019-10-23
21
44
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35720.2399
Epistemology
philosophy of science
Karl Popper
Michael Polanyi
knowing subjects
personal judgment
Susan
Haack
shaack@law.miami.edu
1
Professor of Law, Distinguished Professor in the Humanities, Cooper Senior Scholar in Arts and Sciences, Professor of Philosophy, Schhol of Law, Miami, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Brinet, J., Caudill, E., and Ninio, A. (1977), “Language and Experience,” in John Dewey Reconsidered, ed. Peters, R. S., Routledge and Kegan Paul, 18-34.
1
- Cahn. S. (1977) “Dewey’s Metaphysics,” in New Studies in the Philosophy of John Dewey, ed., New England U.P, 45-74.
2
- Carnap, R.( 1927) Der logische Aufau der Welt, translated by George, R. A., as The Logical Structure of the World, Routledge, 1967.
3
- Dewey, J. (1929), Experience and Nature, W. W. Norton.
4
- Goldman , A. (1978)“Epistemics: the regulative theory of cognition”, Journal of Philosophy (LXXV), 1978, 509- 23
5
- Gregory, R. L. (1966) Eye and Brain, Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
6
- Grene, M. (1969) Knowing and Being, ed. Routledge and Kegan Paul,
7
- Haack, S. (1979) “Epistemology with a Knowing Subject,” Review of Metaphysics, XXXIII, 307-35
8
- Haack, S. (unpublished), “The Swing and Roundabouts Argument against Foundationalism: Goldman’s Critique of C. I. Lewis.”
9
- Jervis, R., (1976) Perception and Misperception in International Politics, Princeton U.P.
10
- Kaufman, L. (1974) Sight and Mind, Oxford U. P.
11
- Lehrer, K. (1974) Knowledge, Oxford U.P.
12
- Levi, I (1975) “Truth, Fallibilism, and the Growth of Scientific Knowledge,” Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science.
13
- Makinson, D. (1964) “The Paradox of the Preface, Analysis (2), 205-7.
14
- Margolis, J. (1977) “The Relevance of Dewey’s Epistemology in New Studies in the Philosophy of John Dewey.
15
- Mead, G. H. (1913) “The Social Self”, Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods (X), 1913, 374 – 80.
16
- Mead, G. H. (1924) The Genesis of the Self and Social Control” in International Journal of Ethics (XXV).
17
- Mead, G. H. (1934) Mind, Self and Society, ed. Morris, Charles W., Chicago U.P.
18
- Peirce C. S. (1868) “Some Consequences of Four Incapacities,” Journal of Speculative Philosophy (2), 140-57, reprinted in Collected Papers, ed. Hartshorne, C., Weiss, P. and Burks, A., Harvard U. P., 1931-58, vol.5.
19
- Peirce C. S. (1869)”Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man”, Journal of Speculative Philosophy (2), 103-114, reprinted in Collected Papers, ed. Hartshorne, C., Weiss, P. and Burks, A., Harvard U. P., 1931-58, vol.5.
20
- Polanyi, M. (1959) The Study of Man, Chicago U.P.
21
- Polanyi, M. (1966) The Tacit Dimension, Doubleday,
22
- Polanyi, M. (1958) Personal Knowledge, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
23
- Popper, K. R. (1945) The Open Society and its Enemies, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
24
- Popper, K. R. (1964)“Truth, Rationality and the Growth of Scientific Knowledge,” and “Addenda” in Conjectures and Refutations, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
25
- Popper, K. R., and Eccles, J. R. (1977) the Self and its Brain, Springer International.
26
- Popper, K.R. (1972) Objective Knowledge. Oxford U.P.
27
- Russell. B. (1950) The Impact of Science on Society, Allen and Unwin.
28
– Thayer, H. S. (1968) Meaning and Action, Bobs-Merrill.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heidegger Never Got Beyond Facticity
(1) The “thing itself” of Heidegger’s thinking was Ereignis. (2) But Ereignis is a reinscription of what Being and Time had called thrownness or facticity. (3) But facticity/Ereignis is ex-sistence’s ever-operative appropriation to its proper structure as the ontological “space” or “clearing” that makes possible practical and theoretical discursivity. (4) Such facticity is the ultimate and inevitable presupposition of all activities of ex-sistence and thus of any understanding of being. (5) Therefore, for ex-sistence – and a fortiori for Heidegger as a thinker of Ereignis – there can be no going beyond facticity.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9435_0b9b2b6060d5012ee7d92a96d5526837.pdf
2019-10-28
45
58
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35725.2404
Ereignis
facticity
“being”
Existenz & Heidegger
Thomas
Sheehan
tsheehan@stanford.edu
1
Professor at the Department of Religious Studies, Stanford University- USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Barrett, William (1962) Irrational Man (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor)
1
- Heidegger, Martin (1976) Gesamtausgabe (Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann), with the pages of the current English translations listed after the equals sign.
2
- Sheehan, Thomas (2015) Making Sense of Heidegger: A Paradigm Shift (London and New York: Rowman & Littlefield,)
3
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Our confrontation with tragedy
This article attempts to illustrate our confrontation with tragedy in contemporary situation, That is why we are discussing this here in seven issues (Feeding the Ancients with Our Own Blood/ Philosophy’s Tragedy and the Dangerous Perhaps/Knowing and Not Knowing: How Oedipus Brings Down Fate/ Rage, Grief, and War/ Gorgias: Tragedy Is a Deception That Leaves the Deceived Wiser/Than the Nondeceived/Justice as Conflict (for Polytheism)/Tragedy as a Dialectical Mode of Experience). Finally, this article seeks to show that tragedy is a way of experience in our life today.Key words: tragedy, philosophy, Greek.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9437_3a687f7d76268b7046f5d12e9c212914.pdf
2019-10-23
59
74
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35656.2393
Key words: tragedy
philosophy
Greek
Simon
Critchley
critchls@newschool.edu
1
Professor of Philosophy at The European Graduate School / EGS.- Switzerland
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Butler, Judith (2009) Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? (London: Verso)
1
- Carson, Anne (2001) The Beauty of the Husband (New York: Vintage Books, 2001)
2
- Carson, Anne (2006) (preface) “Tragedy: A Curious Art Form,” in Grief Lessons—Four Plays by Euripides, trans. Anne Carson (New York: New York Review of Books)
3
- Euripides, Grief Lessons—Four Plays by Euripides, trans. Anne Carson (New York: New York Review of Books, 2006), 311.
4
- Felski, Rita (2008) introduction to Rethinking Tragedy, ed. Rita Felski (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008)
5
- Freeman, Kathleen (1983) Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)
6
- Geuss, Raymond (2014) A World Without Why (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)
7
- Goldhill, Simon (1997)“The Audience of Athenian Tragedy,” in The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy, ed. P. E. Easterling (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
8
- Halliwell, Stephen (2005)“Learning from Suffering—Ancient Responses to Tragedy,” in A Companion to Greek Tragedy, ed. Justina Gregory (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing)
9
- Hampshire, Stuart (1999) Justice Is Conflict (London: Duckworth)
10
- Liddell, Henry G. & Scott, Robert,( 1996) A Greek-English Lexicon (Cambridge: Clarendon Press)
11
- Moellendorff, Ulrich von Wilamowitz (1908) Greek Historical Writing and Apollo, trans. Gilbert Murray (Oxford: Clarendon Press)
12
- Nietzsche, Friedrich (1966) Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York: Vintage Books)
13
- Steiner, George (1996) The Death of Tragedy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press)
14
- Williams, Raymond (1966) Modern Tragedy (London: Vintage Books)
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
On the Permissible Use of Force in a Kantian Dignitarian Moral and Political Setting, Or, Seven Kantian Samurai
On the supposition that one’s ethics and politics are fundamentally dignitarian in a broadly Kantian sense—as specifically opposed to identitarian and capitalist versions of Statism, e.g., neoliberal nation-States, whether democratic or non-democratic—hence fundamentally non-coercive and non-violent, then is self-defense or the defense of innocent others, using force, ever rationally justifiable and morally permissible or obligatory? We think that the answer to this hard question is yes; correspondingly, in this essay we develop and defend a theory about the permissible use of force in a broadly Kantian dignitarian moral and political setting, including its extension to non-violent civil disobedience in the tradition of Martin Luther King, Jr; and perhaps surprisingly, we also import several key insights from Samurai and Martial Arts ethics into our theory.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9431_065cfef073fcd058023f3703e052b7ef.pdf
2019-10-23
75
93
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35721.2400
dignitarianism
Statism
identitarianism
Kantian ethics
Martin Luther King
civil disobedience
Samurai ethics
Robert
Hanna
bobhannahbob1@gmail.com
1
University of Colorado, Boulder Department Member, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Otto
Paans
ocpaans@gmail.com
2
Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Architektur, PhD Student, Netherlands
AUTHOR
- Abernethy, I. (2006) Bunkai-Jutsu. Trans. I. Abernethy, Cockermouth: Neth.
1
- BBC News. (2002) “Man Held For German ‘Cannibal Killing’.” (12 December 2002). Available online at url= <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2569095.stm>.
2
- Compton, J. (2019) “‘Pro-Lesbian’ or ‘Trans-Exclusionary’? Old Animosities Boil Into Public View.” Nbc News (14 January 2019). Available online at url= <https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/pro-lesbian-or-trans-exclusionary-old-animosities-boil-public-view-n958456>.
3
- Hanna, R. (2019) “Statism, Capitalism, and Beyond.” (June 2019 Version). Available online at url= <https://www.academia.edu/39591836/statism_capitalism_and_beyond_june_2019_version_>.
4
- Hanna, R. (2018a) Deep Freedom and Real Persons: A Study in Metaphysics.The Rational Human Condition, Vol. 2. New York: Nova Science. Also available online in preview at url= <https://www.academia.edu/35801857/the_rational_human_condition_2_deep_freedom_and_real_persons_a_study_in_metaphysics_nova_science_2018_>.
5
- Hanna, R. (2018b) Kantian Ethics and Human Existence: A Study in Moral Philosophy.The Rational Human Condition, Vol. 3. New York: Nova Science. Also available online in preview at url= <https://www.academia.edu/36359647/the_rational_human_condition_3_kantian_ethics_and_human_existence_a_study_in_moral_philosophy_nova_science_2018_>
6
- Hanna, R. (2018c) Kant, Agnosticism, and Anarchism: A Theological-Political Treatise. The Rational Human Condition, Vol. 4. New York: Nova Science. Also available online in preview at url= https://www.academia.edu/36359665/the_rational_human_condition_4_kant_agnosticism_and_anarchism_a_theological-political_treatise_nova_science_2018.
7
- Hanna, R. (2017) “Exiting The State and Debunking The State of Nature.” Con-Textos Kantianos 5. Available online at url= <https://www.con-textoskantianos .net/index.php/revista/article/view/228>.
8
- Kant, I. (1996) “The Doctrine of Right.” Trans. M. Gregor. in I. Kant, Immanuel Kant: Practical Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 363-506 (Mm 6: 203-372).
9
- King Jr, M.L. (2018) “Nonviolence and Social Change.” Jacobin (4 April 2018). Available online at url = <https://www.jacobinmag.com/2018/04/martin-luther-king-jr-nonviolence-direct-action>.
10
- Lewis, S. (2019) “How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans.” New York Times (7 February 2019). available online at url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/opinion/terf-trans-women-britain.html
11
- Milosz, C. (1955) The Captive Mind. Trans. J. Zielonko. New York: Vintage Books.
12
- Miyamoto, M. (2006) Book of Five Rings. Trans. T. Cleary. Boston/London: Weatherhill.
13
- Motobu, C. (1995) Okinawan Kempo. Ontario: Master Publishing.
14
- Munenori, Y. (2006) The Book of Family Traditions on the Art of War. Trans. T. Cleary. Boston/London: Weatherhill.
15
- Otsuka, H. (1997) Wado Ryu Karate. Trans. S. Ishida. Ontario: Master Publishing.
16
- Plato (1997) “Republic.” in J. M. Cooper and D. M. Hutchinson (Eds.) Plato. Complete Works. Indianapolis, in: Hackett Publishing. pp. 971-1223.
17
- Ramzy, A. (2019) “Mob Attack at Hong Kong Train Station Heightens Seething Tensions in City,” New York Times (22 July 2019). Available online at url= <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-mob-attack-yuen-long.html>.
18
- Richie, D. (1998) The Films of Akira Kurosawa. 3rd Edn. Berkeley, Ca: Univ. of California Press.
19
- Tsunemoto, Y. (2005) Hagakure: The Book of The Samurai. Trans. W.S. Wilson. Tokyo: Tankobon.
20
- Weber, M. (1994) “The Profession and Vocation of Politics.” in P. Lassman and R. Spiers (Eds.), Weber: Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 309-369.
21
- Wikipedia. (2019a) “Feminist Views on Transgender Topics.” Available online at url= <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feminist_views_on_transgender_topics>.
22
- Wikipedia. (2019b) “Hotsumi Ozaki.” Available online at url= <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hotsumi_ozaki>.
23
- Wikipedia. (2019c) “The Takigawa Incident.” Available online at url= <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/takigawa_incident>.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Self-, Social-, or Neural-Determination?
Human “free will” has been made problematic by several recent arguments against mental causation, the unity of the I or “self,” and the possibility that conscious decision-making could be temporally prior to action. This paper suggests a pathway through this thicket for free will or self-determination. Doing so requires an account of mind as an emergent process in the context of animal psychology and mental causation. Consciousness, a palpable but theoretically more obscure property of some minds, is likely to derive from complex animals’ real-time monitoring of internal state in relation to environment. Following Antonio Damasio, human mind appears to add to nonhuman “core consciousness” an additional narrative “self-consciousness.” The neurological argument against free will, most famously from Benjamin Libet, can be avoided as long as “free will” means, not an impossible event devoid of prior causation, but an occasional causal role played by narrative self-consciousness in behavioral determination. There is no necessary incompatibility between the scientific and evolutionary exploration of mind and consciousness and the uniquely self-determining capabilities of human mentality which are based on the former.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9438_47b8ee11852829bd99d662ea8afa8348.pdf
2019-10-23
95
108
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35655.2392
mind
free will
self-determination
Damasio
Libet
Dennett
Lawrence
Cahoone
lcahoone@holycross.edu
1
Professor of Philosophy at the College of the Holy Cross
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Brentano, Franz. 1973. Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint. trans. A.C. Rancurello, D.B. Terrell, and L. McAlister. .London: Routledge.
1
- Burge, Tyler. 2010. Origins of Objectivity. Oxford: Oxford University.
2
- Chalmers, David J. 1995. “Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness.” Journal of Consciousness Studies. 2 (3): 200-19.
3
- Damasio, Antonio. 2012. Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain. New York: Vintage.
4
- Dennett, David. 1997. Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness. New York: Basic.
5
- Dennett, David 2004. Freedom Evolves. New York: Penguin.
6
- Dretske, Fred. 1988. Explaining Behavior: Reasons in a World of Causes. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
7
- Globus, Gordon, G. Maxwell and I. Savodnik. 1967. Consciousness and the Brain: A Scientific and Philosophical Inquiry. New York: Basic Books.
8
- Hobson, R. Peter. 2004. The Cradle of Thought: Exploring the Origins of Thinking. London: Pan Macmillan.
9
- Hinton, Geoffrey E. and Tim Shallice. 1991. “Lesioning an Attractor Network: Investigations of Acquired Dyslexia.” Psychological Review. 98, 1: 74-95
10
- Humphrey, Nick. 1999. A History of the Mind: Evolution and the Birth of Consciousness Copernicus.
11
- Humphrey, Nick 2006. Seeing Red: A Study in Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
12
- Juarrero, Alicia. 1999. Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as a Complex System. Cambridge: MIT.
13
- Libet, Benjamin. 1985. “Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action.” The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 8: 529-66.
14
- Libet, Benjamin 1999. “Do We Have Free Will?” Journal of Consciousness Studies. 6. No.8-9: 47-57
15
- Lorenz, Konrad. 1973. Behind the Mirror: A Search for a Natural History of Human Knowledge. New York and London: Harcourt Brace Janovich.
16
- Mayr, Ernst. 1974. “Teleological and Teleonomic: A New Analysis,” Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 14, pp.91-117.
17
- Mead, George Herbert. 1962. Mind, Self, and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. Vol.I. Ed. Charles Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago.
18
- Nagel, Thomas. “What is it Like to be a Bat?” The Philosophical Review LXXXIII 4 (October 1974): 435-50.
19
- Panksepp, Jaak. 2005. “Affective Consciousness: Core Emotional Feelings in Animals and Humans,” Consciousness and Cognition 14:30-80.
20
- Searle, John. 1992. The Rediscovery of Mind. Cambridge: Bradford.
21
- Sperry, R.W. 1976. “Mental Phenomena as Causal Determinants in Brain Function.” In Globus et al. 1976. pp. 163-77.
22
- Taylor, Charles. 1989. Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
23
- Tomasello, Michael. 1999. The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
24
- Tomasello, Michael and Josep Call. 1997. Primate Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University.
25
- Velmans, Max. “Preconscious Free Will.” Journal of Consciousness Studies. (10) 12: 42-61.
26
- Warnock, Mary. 1978. Imagination. Berkeley: University of California.
27
- Wimsatt, William. 1976. “Reductionism, Levels of Organization, and the Mind-Body Problem.” in Globus et al. pp.199-267.
28
- Wimsatt, William 2007. Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings: Piecewise Approximations to Reality. Cambridge: Harvard.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Important aspects of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology and phenomenological philosophy that could not be known through Husserl’s own publications during his lifetime
In this paper I discuss some significant aspects of Husserl’s phenomenology which could not be adequately known without studying the manuscripts, unpublished during his lifetime and then published gradually since 1950 by Husserl Archives in Leuven founded by Father van Breda in 1939. The aspects I discuss here are listed under 6 subjects: Husserl’s phenomenological analyses of the constituting corporeal subjectivity, Husserl’s phenomenological analysis of the conditions of possibility of representifications, concept of I-consciousness, conception of transcendental subjectivity as intersubjectivity, the development of Husserl’s conception of phenomenological philosophy, and Husserl’s metaphysics. This paper is drawn from, and an extension of, a lecture given at the Catholic University of Louvain in the occasion of 80th anniversary of the foundation of the Husserl Archives.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9432_8b38b9445123b558a69d944735940f51.pdf
2019-10-23
109
125
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35722.2401
Phenomenology
Husserl’s metaphysics
representification
I-consciousness
intersubjectivity
Iso
Kern
isokern@bluewin.ch
1
Professor of University of Bern, Switzerland
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Gurwitsch, A. (2010). The collected works of Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973) II: Studies in phenomenology and psychology, Springer, Dordrecht.
1
- Husserl, E. (1950). Die Idee der Phänomenologie: Fünf Vorlesungen, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
2
- Husserl, E. (1952). Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie III: Die Phänomenologie und die Fundamente der Wissenschaft, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
3
- Husserl, E. (1959). Erste Philosophie II (1923-24): Theorie der phänomenologischen Reduktion, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
4
- Husserl, E. (1973a). Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität: Erster Teil: 1905-1920, ed. Kern Iso, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
5
- Husserl, E. (1973b). Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität: Zweiter Teil: 1921-1928, ed. Kern Iso, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
6
- Husserl, E. (1973c). Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität: Dritter Teil: 1929-1935, ed. Kern Iso, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
7
- Husserl, E. (1973d). Ding und Raum: Vorlesungen 1907, ed. Claesges Ulrich, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
8
- Husserl, E. (1976). Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie I: Allgemeine Einführung in die reine Phänomenologie, Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag.
9
- Husserl, E. (1980). Phantasie, Bildbewusstsein, Erinnerung: Zur Phänomenologie der anschaulichen Vergegenwärtigungen, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
10
- Husserl, E. (1994). Briefwechsel IX: Familienbriefe, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
11
- Husserl, E. (2014). Grenzprobleme der Phänomenologie: Analysen des Unbewusstseins und der Instinkte. Metaphysik. Späte Ethik (Texte aus dem Nachlass 1908-1937), Springer, Dordrecht.
12
- Husserl, E. 1969. Formal and Transcendental Logic. trl. D. Cairns. Netherlands: Martin Nijhoff, The Hague.
13
- Kant, I. 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. trl. P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge University Press.
14
- Marbach, E. (1974). Das Problem des Ich in der Phänomenologie Husserls, Nijhoff, Den Haag.
15
- Sartre, J-P. (1992). La Transcendance de l’ego, Vrin, Paris, [1936].
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heidegger’s Socrates: “Pure Thinking” on Method, Truth, and Learning
This speculative essay develops a unique understanding of Socrates by reading Heidegger in relation to contemporary Platonic scholarship arising from the Continental tradition, which embraces Plato’s Socrates as a non-doctrinal philosopher. The portrait of Heidegger’s Socrates that emerges is related to contemporary education and its drive toward emphasizing an academic focus on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) at the exclusion of the Liberal Arts, with the goal of showing that other forms of “knowledge,” such as the philosophical “truth” emerging from the relationship between the human and the unfolding of Being, while stifled or neglected in STEM curricula, are also crucial to our continued development as human beings. Ultimately, the essay seeks to draw out an authentic vision of paideia by turning to the valuable, albeit limited, writings of Heidegger focused specifically on the historical philosopher Socrates, as opposed to Plato.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9433_cd416ca3cda1374115faa0a437a0729c.pdf
2019-10-23
127
145
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35723.2402
Heidegger Studies
Non-Doctrinal Socrates
Phenomenology and Platonic Studies
Paideia and education
Contemporary Educational Practices
James M.
Magrini
magrini@cod.edu
1
Adjunct Professor, Philosophy and Ethics-College of Dupage USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Fried, Gregory. (2006). “Back to the Cave: A Platonic Rejoinder to Heideggerian Postmodernism. In: D. Hyland and P. Manoussakis (eds.) Heidegger and the Greeks. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 163-182
1
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg (1988). Dialogue and Dialectic: Eight Hermeneutic Studies of Plato, trans., C. Smith. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2
- Gonzalez, Francisco (1998). Dialectic and dialogue: Plato’s practice of philosophical inquiry. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
3
- Gonzalez, Francisco (2004). “On the way to Sophia: Heidegger, on Plato’s Dialectic, Ethics, and Sophist.
4
- Gonzalez, Francisco. (2009). “The Socratic hermeneutics of Heidegger and Gadamer,” in: S. Rappe & K. Rachana (Eds.), A companion to Socrates. 421-446. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell.
5
- Heidegger, Martin. (1958). What is philosophy? W. Kluback & J. T. Wilde (Eds.). New York: Twayne Publishers.
6
- Heidegger, Martin. (1968). What is called thinking? F. Wieck & J. G. Gray (Trans.). New York: Harper & Row.
7
- Heidegger, Martin. (1977). The question concerning technology and other essays, William Lovitt (Trans.). New York: Harper Torchbooks.
8
- Heidegger, Martin. (1988). Ontology - The hermeneutics of facticity, J. van Buren (Trans.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
9
- Heidegger, Martin. (1993). Basic writings, David Farrell Krell (Ed.). San Francisco: Harper Press.
10
- Heidegger, Martin. (1997). Plato’s sophist, R. Rojcewicz & A. Schuwer (Trans.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
11
- Heidegger, Martin. (1998). Pathmarks, William McNeill (Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12
- Heidegger, Martin. (1999). Contributions to Philosophy. P. Emad and K. Maly (Trans.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
13
- Heidegger, Martin. (2002). The essence of truth, Ted Sadler (Trans.). New York: Continuum.
14
- Hyland, Drew (1995). Finite Transcendence in the Platonic Dialogues. Albany: SUNY Press.
15
- Hyland, Drew (2004). Questioning Platonism: Continental Interpretations of Plato. Albany: SUNY Press.
16
- Kirkland, Sean, (2010). The ontology of Socratic questioning in Plato’s early dialogues. Albany: SUNY University Press.
17
- Lazaroiu, George (2018). “The Socratic Process of Learning,” Review of Contemporary Philosophy, Vol. 17, 25-29.
18
- Liddell and Scott (2015). Lexicon: Abridged from Liddell & Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon. Mansfield Centre: Martino Publishing.
19
- Magrini, James (2014). Social Efficiency and Instrumentalism in Education: Critical Essays in Ontology, Phenomenology, and Philosophical Hermeneutics. New York: Routledge.
20
- Magrini, James (2018). Plato’s Socrates, Philosophy, Education. Cham: Springer Press
21
- Magrini, James. (2017). Reconceptualizing Plato’s Socrates at the limit of education. New York: Routlege.
22
- Natomi, N. (2004). “Socratic Dialogue and Platonic Dialectic: How the Soul Knows in the Republic, The Journal of the International Plato Society, 4 March (1-4).
23
- Plato. (1997). Plato: The complete works, John M. Cooper (Ed.). Indianapolis: Hacket
24
- Poggler, O. (1987). Martin Heidegger’s Path of Thinking, trans., D. Magurshak and S. Barber. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press International.
25
- Sahakian W. & Sahakian M. (1977). Plato. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
26
- Scott, Gary (2001). Plato’s Socrates as Educator. Albany: SUNY Press.
27
- Sheehan, Thomas (2000). “Kehre and Ereignis: A Prolegomena to Introduction to Metaphysics, in: R. Polt and G. Fried (eds.) A Companion to Heidegger’s Introduction to Metaphysics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 3-17.
28
- Strong, M. (1997). Habits of Thought: From Socratic Seminars to Socratic Practice. Chapel Hill: New View.
29
- Way of the Ethical Life,” Review of Contemporary Philosophy, 17 (1), 114-118.
30
- Wilberding, E. (2015). Teach Like Socrates. Waco: Prufrock Press.
31
- Zuckert, Catherine. (1996). Postmodern Plato’s. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Intuition as a Capacity for a Priori Knowledge
This article lays the groundwork for a defense of rational intuitions by first arguing against a prevalent view according to which intuition is a distinctive psychological state, an “intellectual seeming” that p, that then constitutes evidence that p. An alternative account is then offered, according to which an intuition that p constitutes non-inferential a priori knowledge that p in virtue of the concepts exercised in judging that p. This account of rational intuition as the exercise of conceptual capacities in a priori judgment is then distinguished from the dogmatic, entitlement and reliabilist accounts of intuition’s justificatory force. The article concludes by considering three implications of the proposed view for the Experimental Philosophy movement.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9434_d2cac41310f4cfa34f71c1d26fa53f39.pdf
2019-10-23
147
169
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35724.2403
Intuition
rationality
experimental philosophy
non-inferentialism
Epistemology
Henry W.
Pickford
henry.pickford@duke.edu
1
Departments of German and Philosophy, Duke University, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Alexander, Joshua (2012). Experimental Philosophy: An Introduction. Cambridge: Polity.
1
- Alexander, Joshua, and Weinberg, Johnathan (2007). “Analytic Epistemology and Experimental Philosophy.” Philosophy Compass 2: 56-80.
2
- Alexander, Joshua, Mallon, Ron, and Weinberg, Johnathan (2010). “Accentuate the Negative.” Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1.2: 297-314.
3
- Bealer, George (1992). “The Incoherence of Empiricism.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 66: 99-138.
4
- Bealer, George (1998). “Intuition and the Autonomy of Philosophy.” In M. DePaul and W. Ramsey (eds.), Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield: 201-240.
5
- Bengson, John (2013). “Experimental Attacks on Intuitions and Answers.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 86.3 (2013): 495-532.
6
- Boghossian, Paul (2001). “Inference and Insight” (review of BonJour, In Defense of Pure Reason). Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63.3 (2001): 633-640.
7
- BonJour, Laurence (1998). In Defense of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8
- BonJour, Laurence (2005). “In Defense of the a Priori.” In Matthias Steup and Ernest Sosa (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. Oxford: Blackwell: 98-105.
9
- Brown, Jessica (2011). “Thought Experiments, Intuitions and Philosophical Evidence.” Dialectica 65.4: 493-516.
10
- Buckwalter, Wesley and Stich, Stephen (2014). “Gender and Philosophical Intuition.” In Joshua Knobe and Shaun Nicols (eds.), Experimental Philosophy, Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 307-346.
11
- Burge, Tyler (1993). “Content Preservation.” The Philosophical Review 102: 457-488.
12
- Burge, Tyler (2003). “Perceptual Entitlement.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 67.3: 503-548.
13
- Cappelen, Herman (2012). Philosophy without Intuitions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14
- Casullo, Alberto (2003). A Priori Justification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15
- Cartwright, Nancy (2007). “What Makes a Capacity a Disposition?”. LSE Technical Report 10/03. Online: http://personal.lse.ac.uk/cartwrig/PapersGeneral/what%20makes%20a%20capacity%20a%20disposition.pdf
16
- Chapman, Andrew and Addison Ellis, Robert Hanna, Tyler Hildebrand and Henry Pickford (2013). In Defense of Intuitions. A New Rationalist Manifesto. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
17
- Chisholm, Roderick (1989). Theory of Knowledge. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentince-Hall.
18
- Chudnoff, Elijah (2011a). “The Nature of Intuitive Justification.” Philosophical Studies 153: 313-333.
19
- Chudnoff, Elijah (2011b). “What Intuitions are Like.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 82.3: 625-654.
20
- Cullison, Andrew (2013). “Seemings and Semantics.” In Chris Tucker (ed.), Seemings and Jusification: New Essays on Dogmatism and Phenomenal Conservativism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 33-51.
21
- Cummins, Robert (1998). “Reflection on Reflective Equilibrium.” In M. DePaul and W. Ramsey (eds.), Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield: 113-128.
22
- Enoch, David, and Schechter, Joshua (2008). “How are Belief-Forming Methods Justified?”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 76/3: 547-579.
23
- Geach, Peter (1957). Mental Acts. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
24
- Goldman, Alvin (2007). “Philosophical Intuitions: Their Target, Their Source and Their Epistemic Status.” Grazer Philosophische Studien 74: 1-26.
25
- Goldman, Alvin (2010). “Philosophical Naturalism and Intuitional Methodology.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 84.2 (Nov. 2010): 114-150.
26
- Goldman, Alvin, and Pust, Joel (1998). “Philosophical Theory and Intuitional Evidence.” In M. DePaul and W. Ramsey (eds.), Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield: 179-200.
27
- Hanna, Robert (2001). Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
28
- Huemer, Michael (2001). Skepticism and the Veil of Perception. New York: Rowman & Littlefield
29
- Huemer, Michael (2007). “Compassionate Phenomenal Conservatism.” Philosophy and
30
- Phenomenological Research 74: 30-55.
31
- Huemer, Michael (2013). “Phenomenal Conservatism Über Alles.” In Chris Tucker (ed.), Seemings and
32
- Justification. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013: 328-350.
33
- Ichikawa, Jonathan (2013). “Experimental Philosophy and Apriority.” In Albert Casullo
34
- And Joshua C. Thurow (eds.), The A Priori in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University
35
- Press: 45-66.
36
- Kahneman, Daniel, Slovic, Paul, and Tversky, Amos (1982). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37
- Kant, Immanuel (1997). Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by Paul Guyer and Allen Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38
- Kern, Andrea (2012). ”Knowledge as a Fallible Capacity.” In Stefan Tolksdorf (ed.). Conceptions of Knowledge. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter: 215-241.
39
- Knobe, Joshua (2003). “Intentional Action and Side Effects in Ordinary Language.” Analysis 63: 190-193.
40
- Knobe, Joshua and Shaun Nichols (2017). “Experimental Philosophy.” In Edward N. Zalta, ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/experimental-philosophy/.
41
- Ludwig, Kirk (2007). “The Epistemology of Thought Experiments: First Person versus Third Person Approaches.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 31: 128-159.
42
- Ludwig, Kirk (2010). “Intuitions and Relativity.” Philosophical Psychology 23: 427-445.
43
- Lynch, Michael P. (2006). “Trusting Intuitions.” In Patrick Greenough and Michael P. Lynch (eds.), Truth and Realism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 227-238.
44
- Machery, E., Mallon, R., Nichols, S., and Stich, S. (2005). “Semantics, Cross-Cultural Style.” Cognition 92: B1-B12.
45
- McDowell, John (2009a). “Evans’s Frege.” In The Engaged Intellect: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 163-185.
46
- McDowell, John (2009b). “The Disjunctive Conception of Experience as Material for a Transcendental Argument.” In The Engaged Intellect: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 225-240.
47
- McDowell, John (2010). “Tyler Burge on Disjunctivism.” Philosophical Explorations 13.3: 243-255.
48
- McDowell, John (2011). Perception as a Capacity for Knowledge. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
49
- McGee, Vernon (1985). “A Counterexample to Modus Ponens.” Journal of Philosophy 82: 462-471.
50
- Nichols, Shaun and Knobe, Joshua (2007). “Moral Responsibility and Determinism: the Cognitive Science of Folk Intuitions.” Noûs 41: 663-685.
51
- Peacocke, Christopher (1992). A Study of Concepts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
52
- Plantinga, Alvin (1993). Warrant and Proper Function. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
53
- Pryor, James (2000). “The Skeptic and the Dogmatist.” Noûs 34.4: 517-549.
54
- Pryor, James (2005). “Is there Immediate Justification?” In Matthias Steup and Ernest Sosa (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. Oxford: Blackwell: 181-202.
55
- Pust, Joel (2000). Intuitions as Evidence. New York: Garland Publishing.
56
- Sellars, Wilfrid (1997). Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
57
- Sosa, Ernest (2006). “Intuitions and Truth.” In Patrick Greenough and Michael P. Lynch (eds.), Truth and Realism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 208-226.
58
- Sosa, Ernest (2007a). “Intuitions: Their Nature and Epistemic Efficacy.” Grazer Philosophische Studien 74: 51-67.
59
- Sosa, Ernest (2007b). A Virtue Epistemology. New York: Oxford University Press.
60
- Sosa, Ernest (2013). “Intuitions and Foundations.” In Albert Casullo and Joshua C. Thurow (eds.), The A Priori in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 186-203.
61
- Stich, Stephen and Buckwalter, Wesley (2011). “Gender and the Philosophy Club.” The Philosopher’s Magazine 52: 60-65.
62
- Swain, S., Alexander, J. and Weinberg, J.M. (2008). “The Instability of Philosophical Intuitions: Running Hot and Cold on Truetemp.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 76.1: 138-55.
63
- Tucker, Chris (2013). “Seemings and Justification: An Introduction.” In Chris Tucker (ed.), Seemings and Justification: New Essays on Dogmatism and Phenomenal Conservatism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1-29.
64
- Weatherson, Brian (2003). “What Good are Counterexamples?” Philosophical Studies 115 (2003): 1-31.
65
- Weinberg, Jonathan (2007). “How to Challenge Intuitions Empirically Without Risking Skepticism,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 31.1: 318-343.
66
- Weinberg, Jonathan (2013). “The Prospects for an Experimentalist Rationalism, or Why It’s OK if the A Priori Is Only 99.44 Percent Empirically Pure.” In Albert Casullo and Joshua C. Thurow (eds.), The A Priori in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 92-108.
67
- Weinberg, Jonathan, Nichols, Shaun, and Stich, Stephen (2001). “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions.” Philosophical Topics 29: 429-60.
68
- White, Roger (2006). “Problems for Dogmatism.” Philosophical Studies 131: 525-557.
69
- Williamson, Timothy (2007). The Philosophy of Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell.
70
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1969). On Certainty. Translated and edited by G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H. von Wright. Oxford: Blackwell.
71
- Wright, Crispin (2004a). “On Epistemic Entitlement: Warrant for Nothing (and Foundations for Free?)”. Aristotelian Society, suppl. vol. 79: 168-211.
72
- Wright, Crispin (2004b). “Intuition, Entitlement and the Epistemology of Logical Laws.” Dialectica 58: 155–175.
73
- Zagzebski, Linda (2013). “Powers and Reasons.” In Ruth Groff and John Greco (eds.), Powers and Capacities in Philosophy: The New Aristotelianism. New York: Routledge: 270-281.
74
- Zamzow, J. and Nichols, S. (2009). “Variations in Ethical Intuitions.” Philosophical Issues 19: 368-388.
75
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Absence of Self: An Existential Phenomenological View of The Anatman Experience
This paper focuses on the Anatman experience as described by Guatma(6th century BCE). Many Buddhist philosophers consider the absence of self as a foundational experience of Buddhism. This paper elaborates the Buddhist Absence of Self from the View of Existential Phenomenology. The paper articulates the phenomenological difference between the Ontic-Ontological absence of Self in early Buddhism and the Ontic-Ontological presence of Self in Contemporary Existential Phenomenology. Throughout the paper there is an Existential Phenomenological focus on the intertwining of our Sense of Self and our Sense of Being. The sense of self in early Buddhism is being-less, baseless and empty. Empty of What? Empty of Being! There is no presence of Being and no Being of presence. There is no experience of Being. There is no source of Being. There is no source of Being for our mind. The mind is absent of Being. There is no source of Being for us as person. In early Buddhism the absence of self is the absence of Being-ness.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9428_58c95eda575c5332bf4769065f590590.pdf
2019-10-23
171
179
10.22034/jpiut.2019.35653.2391
Anatman
Absence of Self
Presence of Self
Ontic-Ontological Absence
Ontic-Ontological Presence
Absence of Being
Presence of Bei
Rudolph
Bauer
rbauer@rsbauer.net
1
PhD. Washington Center for Phenomenological and Existential Psychotherapy-USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Karundas, Y (2018) Early Buddhist Teachings, Publisher: Wisdom Publications
1
- Lopez, Donald (2012) From Stone to Flesh: A Short History of the Buddha, Publisher: Chicago: University of Chicago Press
2
- Capobianco, Richard (2014) Heidegger’s Way of Being, University of Toronto Press
3
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, and Natural Man: An Existential Inquiry into Being and Rights
.It is apt and usual to cogitate and ratiocinate man and human rights; it is less so about or with (other) animal rights; and much more less and lesser so with/about “plant rights” and (possibly) the rights of cloned/the artificially intelligent agents’. This condition is unfair and not ideal because man, other animals, plants, and other human manipulations (AI) from nature constitute varying levels of being; therefore, they possess varying levels of rights. Hence there is need to espouse the nature/levels of being, on the one hand, and to adumbrate the nature/types of rights and as related to being as such—which is the imperative of this article. Dwelling on the cornucopia of literature/and common biological (and other) features in nature as basis for analysis, this article, first, seeks to establish that man, other animals, plants, and other human manipulations from nature constitute varying levels of being; and second, argues that each level of being as such possesses some rights associated with it. It argues further that either all beings have rights, or they don’t. The work concludes that if one accepts that all the levels of being possess rights (accordingly including plant, cloned and AI agents), then one has certain obligation to all levels of being; but accepting either poses the most existential and ontological threat to humanity and all of nature.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9508_f09d654bfd8062c4c0d9ccb36b1f438b.pdf
2019-10-23
181
193
10.22034/jpiut.2019.34081.2350
Genetic Engineering
Artificial intelligence
Existentialism
ontology/being
rights
Anthony
Asekhauno
anthony.asekhauno@uniben.edu
1
Lecturing at University of Benin, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wesley
Osemwegie
wesley.osemwegie@uniben.edu
2
Lecturing at University of Benin, Nigeria
AUTHOR
- Anscombe, G.E.M. (1968). Intentions. In: Alan White, ed. The Philosophy of Action. Oxford University Press: 144-152.
1
- Asekhauno, A. A. and Aigbodioh, J.A. “Social responsibility among the Afemai-Etsako of Nigeria”. Lafia Journal of African and Heritage Studies, LJAHS. Department of History and International Studies, Federal University, Lafia, Nasarawa, Nigeria Vol. 1, 2016: pp. 30-40.
2
- Bewaji, J.A.I. (1983). “African Philosophy: Some Commentary.” The Nigerian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1983.
3
- Blackburn, S. (1996). Oxford dictionary of philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4
- Breisach, E. (1962). Introduction to Modern Existentialism, New York: Grove Press.
5
- Crowell, Steven (2010)."Existentialism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP).
6
- Darwin, Charles, (1875), Insectivorous Plant. London: John Murray Publishers.
7
- Dubrovsky, D. (1983). The Problem of the Ideal. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
8
- Graham, G. (1996). Philosophy of mind: An introduction. Cambridge: Blackwell Books Publications Inc.
9
- Hume, D. (1999). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 147-164.
10
- Irele, A. (1998). Introduction to Political Philosophy, Ibadan: University press: pp. 123-125.
11
- Kaufmann, Walter (1956). Existentialism: From Dostoevesky to Sartre. New York: Meridian Books Inc.
12
- Lawhead, William F. (2002). The Voyage of Discovery. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning.
13
- Lowrie, Walter (1969). Kierkegaard's “Attack upon ‘Christendom’,” 1844-1845. USA: PUP
14
- McQuarrie, John (1972). Existentialism. New York: Westminster of Philadelphia Pub.
15
- Pritchard, E. A. (1968). Acting, willing, desiring. In: Alan White, (ed.) The philosophy of action. Oxford University Press: 59-69.
16
- Sartre, Jean-Paul (1947). Existentialism and Humanism. Great Britain: Methuen publishers.
17
- Singer, P. (1986). Applied Ethics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18
- Singer, P. (1994). Ethics, Oxford: University Press.
19
- Solomon, Robert C. (1974). Existentialism. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heidegger in Iran: A Historical Experience Report
This research aims to investigate how Heidegger's thoughts are received in Iran and how the Iranian interpretation of Heidegger has influenced contemporary Iranian thinking. The significance of Heidegger’s philosophy for Iranian thinkers can be due to the fact that Heidegger is the most radical critique of the Western civilization, modernity, and modern rationality. On the one hand, Heidegger’s thought can provide Iranians with the theoretical foundations based on which the Eastern traditions can be reinterpreted and reconstructed. On the other hand, Heideggerian view of the history of philosophy can be used by Iranians as a mirror to see themselves and the whole tradition of Eastern thinking. I also try to provide a sketch of the thought of Ahmad Fardid as the first interpreter of Heidegger in Iran and his influence on some other Iranian thinkers. My main claim is that the religious-spiritual interpretation of Heidegger by Fardid is by no means a distortion of Heidegger’s thoughts but a necessary step towards the academically and scientifically true understanding of Heidegger as the greatest critique of the Western thinking. There are various historical, philological, and interpretive clues in Heidegger’s life and works that make the spiritual (but certainly not theological) interpretation of Heidegger possible. In my opinion, contrary to some claims by Iranian scholars and intellectuals, a secular Heidegger is by no means the true Heidegger, because the secular interpretation is in opposition to the main insight of Heideggerian thought that is overcoming nihilism and forgetfulness of being.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9515_a4e56177873d1c7903b0c56cc2c640ba.pdf
2019-10-23
195
205
10.22034/jpiut.2019.36784.2449
Iranian interpretation
Fardid
Heidegger
بیژن
عبدالکریمی
abdolkarimi1400@vatanmail.ir
1
دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Abdolkarimi, B. (2012), Heidegger in Iran, Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy (IRIP)
1
- Buben, A. (2013), Heidegger’s Reception of Kierkegaard: The Existential Philosophy of Death, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 21(5), 967–988.
2
- Cheetham, T. (2004), An Introduction to the Life and Work of Henry Corbin, Adapted from a Lecture for the Temenos Academy King’s Inn Fields, London
3
- Corbin, H. (2003), From Heidegger to Suhrawardi, Persian by H. Fouladvand, Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
4
- Dallmayr, F. (2017), On the Boundary: A Life Remembered, Lanham, MD: Hamilton Books
5
- Gillespie, M. A. (1984), Hegel, Heidegger, and the Ground of History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
6
- Green, N. (2005), Between Heidegger and the Hidden Imam: Reflections on Henry Corbin's approaches to mystical Islam, Method & Theory in the Study of Religion, Volume 17, Issue 3
7
- Hashemi, M. M. (2004), Identity Thinkers and the Legacy of Ahmad Fardid, Tehran: Kavir
8
- Heidegger, M. (1968). What is Called Thinking? (J. Gray, trans.). New York: Harper & Row
9
- Heidegger, M. (1978), "Letter on Humanism", in Basic Writings: Nine Key Essays, trans. David Farrell Krell, London: Routledge
10
- Mac Dowell SJ, J.A. (2011), Martin Heidegger and Oriental Thought: Confrontations, Nat. hum. [online], vol.13, n.2, pp. 19-38. ISSN 1517-2430.
11
- Mugerauer, R. (2008), Heidegger and Homecoming: The Leitmotif in the Later Writings, Toronto: University of Toronto Press
12
- Prudhomme, J. (1997), God and Being: Heidegger’s Relation to Theology, Humanities Press
13
- Sartre, J. (2007), Existentialism Is a Humanism, New Haven: Yale University Press
14
- Shayegan, D. (2010), Henry Corbin penseur de l'islam spirituel, Paris: Albin Michel
15
- Wheeler, M. (2018), "Martin Heidegger", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/heidegger/>
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Priority of literature to Philosophy in Richard Rorty
In this article, I try to defend the thesis that imagination against reason, moral progress through imagination not the reason, the emergence of literary culture after philosophical culture from Hegel onwards, contingency of language, the usefulness of literature (poetry, novels and stories, etc.) in enhancing empathy with one another and ultimately reducing philosophy to poetry in Richard Rorty's writings point to one thing: the priority of literature to philosophy. The literary or post-physical culture that Rorty defends is opposed to the Enlightenment and the philosophical and religious culture. Rorty prefers literary culture among the religious culture and philosophical culture. The literary culture Rorty envisages is a radically historicist and nominalist one. Rorty’s romanticised version of pragmatism aims precisely at dealing with this literary or post-physical culture or, in generally, the literature.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9512_81daca9658940eda902cd281bd02ef85.pdf
2019-10-23
207
219
10.22034/jpiut.2019.36395.2437
philosophy
literary culture
Literature
pragmatism
and Rorty
محمد
اصغری
philosophy@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه تبریز
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Arjang, Aminallah (2019)”The Decline of Subjectivism and Emergence of Perspectivism in Nietzsche's Thought”, The Quarterly Journal of Philosophical Investigations (University of Tabriz)Volume 13, Issue 27, Summer 2019, Page 23-49
1
- Asghari, Muhammad (2015)”Has Richard Rorty a moral philosophy?” in journal of Philosophical Investigations (university of Tabriz), Fall & Winter 2015/ Vol. 9/ No. 17, pp. 55-74
2
- Derong, Pan & Liangjian, Liu (2005) “Contingency And The Philosophy Of Richard Rorty” in Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32:4 (December 2005)pp. 633–640
3
- Guignon, Charles & Hiley, David R. (edi) (2003) Richard Rorty, Cambridge University Press
4
- Haack, Susan (1993) Evidence and Inquiry: Towards Reconstruction in Epistemology, Blackwell Publishers
5
- Hart, Richard E. (2011) “Richard Rorty on literature and moral progress” journal of Pragmatism Today, Vol. 2/ Issue. 2/ Winter 2011, pp.34-64
6
- Milnes, Tim (2011) “Rorty, Romanticism and The Literary Absolute”, in journal of Pragmatism Today, Vol. 2/ Issue. 2/ Winter 2011, pp. 24-34
7
- Robert B. Brandom, Ed., Rorty and His Critics. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
8
- Rorty, Richard & Mendieta, Eduardo (2006) Take Care of Freedom and Truth Will Take Care of Itself: Interviews with Richard Rorty, Richard Rorty, Edited and with an Introduction by Eduardo Mendieta, Stanford University Press
9
- Rorty, Richard (1978)”Philosophy as a Kind of Writing: An Essay on Derrida” in New Literary History, Vol. 10, No. 1, Literary Hermeneutics. (autumn, 1978), pp. 141-160.
10
- Rorty, Richard (1989) Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11
- Rorty, Richard (2004). “Philosophy as a Transitional Genre.” Pragmatism, Critique,Judgment: Essays for Richard J. Bernstein, ed. Seyla Benhabib and Nancy Fraser. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 3–28.
12
- Rorty, Richard (2006)"Looking Back at a Literary Theory" In Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization, Edited by Haun Saussy, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
13
- Rorty, Richard (2007) Philosophy as cultural politics: philosophical papers, volume 4, Cambridge University Press.
14
- Rorty, Richard. (1979) Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
15
- Tartaglia, James (2007) Rorty and the Mirror of Nature, Routledge.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Argument in Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia
One of the most challenging issues in medical ethics is a permission or prohibition of euthanasia. Is a patient with an incurable disease who has lots of pain permitted to kill oneself or ask others to do that? The main reason advanced by the opponents is the absolute prohibition of murder. Accordingly, the meaning of murder plays a key role in determining the moral judgment of euthanasia. The aim of this paper is to confirm the role of intention in moral judgment of euthanasia and eliminate the name of unjust murder from voluntary euthanasia. The Intention of an agent determines the name of the act and whether it is right or wrong. An important point that dose not taken into account in the definitions of murder, killing as well as their ethical judgment is considering the attributes of being unjust and forcible. Killing a human being is neither intrinsically good nor bad, but its ethical judgment depends on the way that happens, i.e. just or unjust. Every killing is neither bad nor unethical except unjust one which is both bad and unethical. The attribute of “unjust” has been mentioned in the definition of murder in Islamic jurisprudence, law, traditions, and Quran. Owing to this argument, on one hand, it is true to state that voluntary euthanasia is not unjust and forcible murder (the test of correct negation), and on the other hand, it is not true to say that voluntary euthanasia is unjust and forcible murder (the test of incorrect predication). It can be concluded that voluntary euthanasia is an independent title other than unjust murder and does not have its judgment.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8031_b66447e1b156985561c6c70714ba4d8c.pdf
2019-10-23
221
234
10.22034/jpiut.2019.8031
voluntary euthanasia
Just Killing
Unjust Murder
justice
حسین
اترک
atrakhossein@gmail.com
1
دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه زنجان
LEAD_AUTHOR
- The Holy Quran (2005). A New translation by M. A. S. Abdel Haleem, Oxford University press.
1
- The Holy Quran (n. d.), translated by Mohammad Habib Shakir.
2
- Aristotle (2004), Nicomachean Ethics, translated and edited by Roger Crisp, Cambridge University press.
3
- Curtis, Howard J. (1910) “Malice Aforethought, in Definition of Murder”. The Yale Law Journal Vol. 19, No. 8 (Jun.), pp. 639-646.
4
- Erickson, Millard J., Bowers, Ines E. (1976). "Euthanasia and Christian Ethics". Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, Vol. 19: 1.
5
- Fazel Ābi, Hasan Ibn Abitalib Yusefi (1417 A.H.). Kashf-u Al-Rumuz fi Sharh-I Mukhtasar-I Al-Nafi’. Qom, Iran: Daftar intesharat Islami, third published.
6
- Keedy, Edwin R. (1950). “A Problem of First Degree Murder: Fisher v. United States”. university of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 99, No. 3 (Dec., 1950), pp. 267-292.
7
- Keown, John (2002). Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy, Cambridge University Press.
8
- Khorasani, Muhammad Kazem (1415 A.H.). Kifayat-u Al-Usul. Qom: Al-Nashr-I Al-Islami, third published.
9
- Kuliyni, Muhammad Ibn Yaqub (1407 A.H.). Al-Kafi. Tehran: Dar-u Al-Kutub AIslamiyyah, Forth published.
10
- Legenhausen, Muhammad (2015). “Religious Ethics and Moral Realism”. In Revelatory Ethics, Fourth Year, Volume 9, autumn & winter, pp. 13-38.
11
- Longman Advanced American Dictionary. Pearson Education ESL; Fifth edition, 2009.
12
- Merriam-Webster. Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/murder (accessed on 21 Sep. 2019).
13
- Muhaqiq Damad, Seyyed Mustafa (1382 S.H.). Mabahethi az Usul Fiqh. Tehran: Markaze Nashr Islami.
14
- Muhaqiq Hillī, Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Y’aqub (1408 A.H.). Sharayi’-u Al-Islam fi Masā‘lul-Halāl wa al-Harām. Tashih: ’Abd-ul Husein Muhammad Ali Baqqal, Qom: Iran, Isma’ilian Institue, second publication.
15
- Najafi, Muhammad Hasa ibn Baqir (n.d.). Jawahir-u Al-Kalam fi Sharh-i Sharayi-u Al-Islam. Musahih: Sheykh Abbas Quchani. Beirut: Dar-u Ihyah-I Al-Turath Al-Arabi, Seven edition.
16
- Nakaya, Andrea C. (2015). Thinking critically: Euthanasia. Reference Point Press.
17
- Nuri, Mirza Husain (1408 A.H.). Mustadrik-u Al-Wasail wa Mustanbit-u Al-Masail. Beyrut: Muassese Al Al-Beyt.
18
- Paterson, Craig (2008). Assisted suicide and euthanasia: a natural law ethics approach. Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing Company.
19
- Shahid Thani, Ziyn-u Al-Din Ibn Ali Ibn Ahmad Amili (1410 A.H.). Al-Ruzat-u Al-Bahiyyah fi Sharh-I Al-Lumat-u Al-Damishqiyyah. Qom, Iran: Dawari’s Book Story, First published.
20
- Tabatabaei, Muhammad Husain (1417 A.H.). Al-Mizan fi Tafsir Al-Quran. Qom: Mktabat-u Al-Nashr-I Al-Islami, fifth published.
21
- The American Heritage Dictionary of the English language. Available at: https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=murder (accessed on 21 Sep. 2019).
22
- Tooley, Michael (2005). “In Defense of Voluntary Active Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide” in Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics, ed. Andrew I. Cohen and Christopher Heath Wellman. Blackwell Publishing.
23
- Yount, Lisa (2007). Right to Die and Euthanasia, Revised Edition, New York: Facts on File.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Existential anxiety and time perception: an empirical examination of Heideggerian philosophical concepts towards clinical practice
Existential anxiety is an outstanding issue both in psychology and philosophy. It implies the mental rummage following the notion of existence, inexistence and related concepts. Martin Heidegger is a philosopher incorporating the meaning of existential anxiety and time perception in a unique comprehensive view, suggesting that there is a relation between being, time and anxiety. To the best of our knowledge, no empirical study has assessed any association between time perception and existential anxiety. The current study aims at investigating the mentioned association. Eighty four students in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences voluntarily participated in this study and gave their written informed consent. Time perception was assessed by verbal and production tests. The score of existential anxiety was obtained by the Good & Good Existential Anxiety Questionnaire. Association of time perception and existential anxiety was analyzed statistically. Mean score of existential anxiety of subjects was 7.57±4.75 out of 32. Accuracy of time perception was significantly related to existential anxiety score (P = 0.034); in the manner that inaccurate time perceivers had higher existential anxiety scores. The results of this study are preliminary in line with the existential concepts presented by Heidegger; indicating that existential anxiety and time perception may have common roots. This understanding about existential anxiety suggests further explorations and deeper existential reasonings, as well as more efficient psychological and psychiatric clinical practice.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9195_599478358e8b14596f4179079be1e885.pdf
2019-10-23
235
245
10.22034/jpiut.2019.34561.2360
Existential philosophy
spiritual anxiety
Martin Heidegger
Duration
time estimation
time accuracy
علیرضا
فرنام
alirezafarnam@yahoo.com
1
استاد روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و علوم رفتاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
AUTHOR
سمیرا
زینالی
samirazeynali1989@yahoo.com
2
دکترای پزشکی، گروه روانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
AUTHOR
محمدعلی
نظری
nazaripsycho@yahoo.com
3
دانشیار گروه علوم اعصاب، دانشکده فناوری های نوین پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
پریناز
وحیدوحدت
parinazvahdat@gmail.com
4
دکترای داروسازیف گروه علوم اعصاب، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
AUTHOR
معصومه
زمانلو
m_zamanlu@yahoo.com
5
دکترای اعصاب شناختی، کمیته پژوهشی خودآگاهی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Bergson, Henri, & Andison, Mabelle L. (2010). The creative mind: An introduction to metaphysics: Courier Corporation 10-40.
1
- Bergson, Henri, & Pogson, Frank Lubecki. (2001). Time and free will: An essay on the immediate data of consciousness: Courier Corporation pp. 20-50.
2
- Berman, Steven L, Weems, Carl F, & Stickle, Timothy R. (2006). "Existential anxiety in adolescents: Prevalence, structure, association with psychological symptoms and identity development". Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 285-292.
3
- Bible, Holy(2000. (King James Version. Texas: National Publishing Company 3:1-18.
4
- Bible, King James. (1996). King James Bible: Project Gutenberg 3:1-18.
5
- Brencio, F. (2014). World, Time And Anxiety. Heidegger''s Existential Analytic And Psychiatry. Folia Med (Plovdiv), 56(4), 297-304. doi: 10.1515/folmed-2015-0011
6
- Cloninger, C Robert. (1998). The genetics and psychobiology of the seven-factor model of personality.
7
- Cloninger, C Robert. (2004). Feeling good: the science of well-being, Oxford University Press pp. 200-270.
8
- Cloninger, C. R (1986 ("A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states". Psychiatr Dev, 4(3), 167-226.
9
- Cloninger, C. R. (1988). "A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states: a reply to commentaries". Psychiatr Dev, 6(2), 83-120.
10
- Cloninger, C. R. (2009). "Evolution of human brain functions: the functional structure of human consciousness". Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 43(11), 994-1006. doi: 10.3109/00048670903270506
11
- Craik, F. I., & Hay, J. F. (1999. ("Aging and judgments of duration: effects of task complexity and method of estimation". Percept Psychophys, 61(3), 549-560.
12
- Denollet, J. (2005). DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosom Med, 67(1), 89-97. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49
13
- Discussions arising from: Cloninger, CR. A. unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states. (1987). Psychiatr Dev, 5(4), 377-392. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832841
14
- Einstein, Albert, & Davis, Francis A. (2013). The principle of relativity: Courier Corporation.
15
- Farmer, R. F., & Goldberg, L. R. (2008). "Brain Modules, Personality Layers, Planes of Being, Spiral Structures, and the Equally Implausible Distinction between TCI-R "Temperament" and "Character" Scales: A Reply to Cloninger". Psychol Assess, 20(3), 300-304. doi: 10.1037/a0012932
16
- Gallup Jr, Gordon G, Anderson, James R, & Shillito, Daniel J. (2002). The mirror test. The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition, 325-333.
17
- Good, Lawrence R, & Good, Katherine C. (1974). "A preliminary measure of existential anxiety. Psychological reports, 34(1), 72-74.
18
- Haugeland, John. (2000). Truth and finitude: Heidegger’s transcendental existentialism. Heidegger, authenticity, and modernity: Essays in honor of Hubert L. Dreyfus, 1, 43-77.
19
- Homayoun Far, Behrouz. (2010). Ghazal of Hafez Shirazi In Persian with English translation (Original Translation by Henry Wilberforce Clarke (1840-1905)).
20
- Pridmore, Saxby, & Pridmore, William. (2011). "The suicidal desire of Tolstoy". Australasian Psychiatry, 19(3), 211-214.
21
- Rank, Otto, & Atkinson, Charles Francis. (1932). Art and artist; creative urge and personality development pp. 1-100.
22
- Schirmer, Annett, Meck, Warren H, & Penney, Trevor B. (2016). "The socio-temporal brain: Connecting people in time". Trends in cognitive sciences, 20(10), 760-772.
23
- Schopenhauer, Arthur. (2012). The world as will and representation (Vol. 1): Courier Corporation pp. 1-40.
24
- Schulting, Dennis. (2010). Kant’s idealism: the current debate Kant''s Idealism (pp. 1-25): Springer.
25
- Tillich, Paul. (1952). The Courage to Be. New Haven and London: Yale University Press pp. 5-100.
26
- Tolstoy, Leo. (2012). A confession, Courier Corporation pp. 35.
27
- Veach, Tracy L, & Touhey, John C. (1971). Personality correlates of accurate time perception. Perceptual and motor skills, 33(3), 765-766.
28
- Weems, Carl F, Costa, Natalie M, Dehon, Christopher, & Berman, Steven L. (2004). Paul Tillich''s theory of existential anxiety: A preliminary conceptual and empirical examination. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 17(4), 383-399.
29
- Yalom, Irvin D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy, Basic Books pp. 419-460.
30
- Zakay, Dan, & Block, Richard A. (1997). Temporal cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6(1), 12-16.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Plantinga on Divine Foreknowledge and Free Will
In each one of the well-known Abrahamic religions, notably Islam, Christianity and Judaism, there are two important doctrines which seem to be inconsistent, but nonetheless some religious philosophers like Plantinga try to show that there is no conflict between them. The first doctrine is that God is Omniscient and He has foreknowledge of all that will happen in the future and thus all human actions are determined in His knowledge. The second doctrine is that human beings have free will and they are responsible for all of their voluntary actions. The problem is that if all future actions of a person are determined in divine knowledge, it is impossible for him to change his future and so he is not free. This article will assess some of the solutions given to the problem and it will focus on Plantinga's solution to the problem and then it will unravel some defects of his solution. At the end of this article, a new solution to the problem will be given, in which the free will of human being is confirmed while the nature of divine knowledge is regarded ambiguous to the extent that its changeability or unchangeability is left unknown.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9214_7b7f2f27aa101a35a9a5fffba81d1b8b.pdf
2019-10-23
247
261
10.22034/jpiut.2019.34041.2344
foreknowledge
free will
determinism
inconsistency
Providence
divine knowledge
عبدالرزاق
حسامی فر
ahesamifar@hum.ikiu.ac.ir
1
دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Barnhart, J. E. (1977). Theodicy and the Free Will Defense: Response to Plantinga and Flew, Religious Studies, 13(4), 439-453.
1
- Basinger, David (1982). Plantinga’s Free-Will Defense as a challenge to Orthodox Theism, American Journal of Theology and Philosophy, 3(2), 35-41.
2
- Dore, Clement (1971). Plantinga on the Free Will Defense, The Review of Metaphysics, 24(4), 690-706.
3
- Flew, Anthony (1955). Divine Omnipotence of Human Freedom. In A. Flew and A. MacIntyre (Ed.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, New York, USA: Macmillan.
4
- Flint, Thomas P. (2009). Two Account of Providence. In Michael Rea (Ed.), Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology: Vol. 12: Providence, Scripture and Resurrection (pp. 17-44). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
5
- Hunt, David P. (2009). Divine Providence and Simple Foreknowledge. In Michael Rea (Ed.) Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology: Vol. 12: Providence, Scripture and Resurrection (pp. 84-103) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
6
- Mackie, T. L. (1955). Evil and Omnipotence Mind, 64, 254, 200-212.
7
- Meister, Chad (2008). The Philosophy of Religion Reader, New York and Abingdon, USA and UK: Routledge.
8
- Perszyk, Kenneth J. (1998). Free Will Defense with and without Molinism, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 43(1), 29-64.
9
- Pike, Nelson (1965). Divine Omniscience and Voluntary Action, The Philosophical Review, 74(1), 26-46.
10
- Pike, Nelson (1979). Plantinga on Free Will and Evil, Religious Studies, 15(4), 449-473.
11
- Plantinga, Alvin (1967). God and Other Minds: A Study of the Rational Justification of Belief in God, Ithaca, USA: Cornel University Press.
12
- Plantinga, Alvin (1977). God, Freedom and Evil, Michigan, USA: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, Reprinted 2002.
13
- Plantinga, Alvin (1987). On Ockham’s Way Out. In V. Morris (Ed.), The Concept of God (pp. 171-200). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
14
- Plantinga, Alvin (2008). A Free Will Defence. In Chad Meister (Ed.), The Philosophy of Religion Reader (pp.550-563). London and New York, USA and UK: Routledge.
15
- Rea Michael (Ed.)(2009). Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology: Vol. 12: Providence, Scripture and Resurrection, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
16
- Taylor, Richard (1983). Metaphysics (3rd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, USA: Prentice-Hall.
17
- Tooley, Michael (2008). Does God Exist? In Alvin Plantinga and Michael Tooley, Knowledge of God (pp. 70-150). Oxford and Cambridge, UK: Blackwell.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
language and philosophy: an analysis of the turn to the subject in modern philosophy with historical linguistic approach
One of the main characteristics of the philosophy of Descartes which marked the starting point of modern philosophy and was continued by English empiricism and German Idealism is a special attention to the subject instead of cosmos, being or God. But what caused such a turn to subject? With a historical linguistic approach it can be shown that the replacement of old languages of philosophy namely Greek, Arabic and Latin language by modern European languages namely French, English and German can be one of the causes of that turn in the history of philosophy. It seems interesting that the change in modern European language occurred exactly at the same time the modern philosophy appeared. In this research we will concentrate on the word order and the possibility of the omission of the subject in the sentence. In modern European languages there is a insistence on the subject to appear at the beginning of the sentence. This can lead to a special attention to the subject in philosophical aspect. It may seem interesting that old languages of philosophy are null-subject languages in the sense that in these languages the subject can be omitted. In these languages the subject sometimes comes after the verb or even will not appear in the phrase. That may seem why in those languages a philosophy similar to modern philosophy did not appear. Finally it will be shown that the change in language did not confine to mere language and has important philosophical implications.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8034_f95065c4e7aff11d3fbbcca320344d71.pdf
2019-10-23
263
274
10.22034/jpiut.2019.8034
Modern philosophy
Modern European languages
medieval languages
ancient languages
Subject
احمد
حسینی
ahmadhosseinee@gmail.com
1
دانشیار گروه فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان
LEAD_AUTHOR
- Alhawary, Mohammad T. (2007), "Null Subjects Use by English and Spanish Learners of Arabic as an L2". in Elabbas Benmamoun (ed.) Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XIX, Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
1
- Axel, Katrin, (2007), Studies on Old High German Syntax, Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
2
- Azar, Betty S.; Hagen, Stacy A., (2009), Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4th ed., New York, Pearson.
3
- Bopp, Franz, (1989), Analytical Comparison of the Sanskrit, Greek, Latin and Teutonic Languages, Amsterdam Classics in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science, edited by E. F. Konrad Koerner, Vol. 3, Amsterdam, John Benjamin’s Publishing Company.
4
- Bopp, Franz, (2009), A Comparative Grammar, edited by W. H. Wilson, volume 2, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
5
- Bradley, Peter T.; Mackenzie, Ian, (2004), Spanish an Essential Grammar, London, Routledge.
6
- Casielles-Suarez, Eugenia, (2004), The Syntax-Information Structure Interface, Evidence From Spanish and English, New York, Routledge.
7
- Copleston, Frederick S. J., (1960), A History of Philosophy. vol. 4. From Descartes to Leibniz, New York, Doubleday.
8
- Cousin, M. Victor, (1852), Course of the History of Modern Philosophy, translated by O. W. Wright, Vol. II, New York: D. Appleton and CO.
9
- Degraff, Michel (2005), "Morphology and Word Order in Creolization and Beyond", in Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Syntax. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
10
- Dover, k. J., (1960), Greek Word Order, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
11
- Goodwin, William, W., (1900), A Greek Grammar, Boston, Ginn and Company.
12
- Greenberg, Joseph H., (1966), “Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements”, Universals of Language, edited by Joseph H. Greenberg, 2nd edition, Oxford, MIT Press.
13
- Howell, Robert B., (2002), "The Older German Language", in A Companion to Middle High German Literature to the 14th Century, edited by Francis G. Gentry, Leiden, Brill.
14
- Hulk, Aafke, Pollock, Jean-Yves, (2001), “Subject Positions in Romance and the Theory of Universal Grammar”, in Subject Inversion in Romance and the Theory of Universal Grammar, ed. by Aafke C. J. Hulk and Jean-Yves Pollock, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15
- Lepschy, Anna Laura; Lepschy, Giulio, (1988), The Italian Language Today, second edition, London, Routledge.
16
- Ogawa, Yoshiki, (2001), A Unified Theory of Verbal and Nominal Projections, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
17
- Ouhalla, Jamal, (1994), "Verb Movement and Word Order in Arabic", In David Lightfoot and Norbert Hornstein (ed.). Verb Movement. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
18
- Ramsay, Allan; Mansour, Hanady, (2006), “Local Constraints on Arabic Word Order”, Advances in Natural Language Processing, vol. 4139, Springer, pp. 447-457.
19
- Rutherford, Donald, (2006), The Cambridge Companion To Early Modern Philosophy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
20
- Simonson, Gustave, (1911), A Greek Grammar Syntax, London, Swan Sonnenschein.
21
- Sornicola, Rosanna, (2000), "Stability, Variation and Change in Word Order, Some Evidence from the Romance Languages", in Rosanna Sornicola, Poppe Eriche, Shisha-Halevy Ariel (ed.) Stability, Variation and Change in Word Order, Patterns Over Time. Amsterdam, John Benjamin’s Publishing Company.
22
- Sten, Vikner, (1995), Verb Movement and Expletive Subjects in the Germanic Languages, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
23
- Warburton, Irene Philippaki, (1985), “Word Order in Modern Greek”, Transactions of the Philological Society, vol. 83, November 1985, 113-143.
24
- Wright, Joseph, (1917), A Middle High German Primer, third edition, London, Oxford University Press.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Divine Foreknowledge and Human Moral Responsibility (In Defense of Muslim Philosophers’ Approach)
According to most Muslim philosophers, the Divine foreknowledge, on the one hand, is so inclusive that encompasses each and every minor and timed action of moral agents, and because of the perfection of God in essence and attributes, any defects in His essence and attributes including any errors in His foreknowledge are impossible. On the other hand, these philosophers, like other defenders of free will, claim that significance of any kind of free will and responsibility of a moral agent depends on their access to alternate possibilities (PAP (and, consequently, their ability to do and not to do an action simultaneously. This paper aims to deal with this highly debated and rooted question that whether these two views are essentially in conflict with each other. To answer this pivotal question briefly based on a modified version of Frankfurt cases and Muslim philosophers’ definition of free will, we attempt to defend their initial approach to eliminating the conflict between Divine foreknowledge and free will or moral responsibility and show that, firstly, this infallible knowledge is contingent on the agent’s voluntary action and, secondly, despite the principle of alternate possibilities, moral responsibility of the agent does not depend on the person’s avoidance of the forthcoming action.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9262_c252da030f8c423049efe5ec5a928cef.pdf
2019-10-23
275
290
10.22034/jpiut.2019.32402.2271
foreknowledge
moral responsibility
free will
Frankfurt
principle of alternative possibilities (PAP)
توکل
کوهی گیگلو
kohi.tavakkol@yahoo.com
1
استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهر، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
سید ابراهیم
آقازاده
aaghazadeh46@yahoo.com
2
استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
AUTHOR
- Dennett, Daniel C. (1984) Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1
- Fischer, John Martin and Ravizza, Mark (1991) “Responsibility and Inevitability” Ethics, 101.
2
- Frankfurt, Harry (1969) “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibilities”, Journal of Philosophy, 66.
3
- Helli, Hasan Ibn Yousef (1984) Kashfol Morad, Qom: Mostafavi Publication.
4
- Ibn Sina, Hossein Ibn Abdollah (1984) Shefa, Qom: School of Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Publication.
5
- Jorjani, Seyed Sharif (1991) Sharhol Mavaghef, Qom: Alrazi Publication, Vol. 8.
6
- Levy, Neil and McKenna Michael (2009) “Recent Work on Free Will and Moral Responsibility”, Philosophy Compass 4/1.
7
- Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi (2000) Theological Instructions, Tehran: International Publication, Third edition, Vol. 1.
8
- Mir Damad, Mohammad Bagher (1995) Gabasat, Tehran: University of Tehran Publication Institution.
9
- Mir Damad, Mohammad Bagher (2001) Mosannafat, Tehran: Cultural Heritage Society, Vol. 1.
10
- Mulla Sadra, Sadroddin Mohammad (1980) Alshavahedol Roboubieh, Mashhad: Mashhad University Publication, Second Edition.
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- Mulla Sadra, Sadroddin Mohammad (1981) Alhekmatol Motaalieh, Beirout, Dar Olehyae Torathe Alarabi, Vol. 6.
12
- Pike, Nelson (1993) “A latter-day look at the Foreknowledge Problem”, Philosophy of Religion, 33.
13
- Pinnock, Clark H. and Others (1994) “the Openness of God: A Biblical Challenge to the Traditional Understanding of God”, BYU Studies Quarterly, Vol. 42.
14
- Sohrevardi, Shahaboddin Yahya (1976) Collection of Writings, Talvihat; Correction and Investigation by Henry Corbin, Tehran: Islamic Philosophy Society of Iran Publication.
15
- Taftazani, Masoud Ibn Umar (1989) Sharh Olmaghased, Corrected by Abdolrahman Omeire, Qom: Alrazi publication, Vol. 4.
16
- Tavakoli, GholamHossein (2011) "Human's Freedom and Divine Foreknowledge", Philosophy of Religion, No. 10.
17
- Van Inwagen, Peter, (1983) An Essay on Free Will, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
18
- Warfield, Ted (2003) Compatibilism and Incompatibilism: Some Arguments, the Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics. Oxford University Press.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Autrui " selon Lévinas et Blanchot"
Après la deuxième guerre mondiale, le concept de ‘’l’Autrui’’ a été devenu la question essentielle dans le domaine philosophique. Ce concept joue un rôle important dans les relations interhumaines et dans la société. Dans cet article, on traitera ce concept à partir des pensées d’Emmanuel Lévinas et celles de Maurice Blanchot afin de distinguer des points divergents et d’obtenir éventuellement des points communs. Nous allons voir comment Blanchot se sépare du domaine métaphysique au sens lévinasien, tandis que la définition de l’autrui dans le vocabulaire de Lévinas se forme dans le champ de la transcendance. La voie de cette transcendance se réalise à partir du visage de l’autrui, mais selon Blanchot, c’est la langue qui pourrait m’aider à établir un pont entre l’autrui et moi.
Cette recherche souhaite, d’une part, présenter la conception philosophique de Lévinas dont la philosophie de la transcendance est présentée comme la responsabilité éthique envers l’autrui, et d’autre part, montrer comment Blanchot, influencé par ses expériences de la deuxième guerre mondiale, prend une position quasi pessimiste envers l’autrui, en fait, il voit l’autrui comme un étranger absolu, mais il accepte le rôle de la responsabilité face à l’autrui, jusqu’à ce que la présence de moi ne le menace pas physiquement et mentalement.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8992_b9966063d9f180c17bbc7304ad953518.pdf
2019-10-23
291
303
10.22034/jpiut.2019.31611.2224
autrui
Blanchot
Lévinas
Responsabilité
Transcendance
مریم
مصباحی
maryammesbahie@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فرانسه، دانشگاه تبریز
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمدحسین
جواری
mdjavari@yahoo.fr
2
استاد گروه زبان و ادبیات فرانسه، دانشگاه تبریز.
AUTHOR
الله شکر
اسد اللهی
nassadollahi@yahoo.fr
3
استاد زبان و ادبیات فرانسه، دانشگاه تبریز.
AUTHOR
- Bakhtine Mikhaïl (1970), Problems of Dostoevsky's poetics, (translation from Russian by Isabelle Kolitcheff, pref. Julia Kristeva), Paris, Le Seuil, coll. « Points Essai ».
1
- Blanchot Maurice (1949), « Literature and the Right to Death», in The work of fire Paris, Gallimard.
2
- Blanchot Maurice (1961), « the gravity of project», in Political Writings (1958-1993). Editions Léo Scheer.
3
- Blanchot Maurice (1969), The infinite conversation, Paris, Gallimard.
4
- Blanchot Maurice (1973), The step not beyond, Paris, Gallimard
5
- Blanchot Maurice (1980), « Our clandestine companion », in Textes for Emmanuel Lévinas, Laruelle François Paris, Editions Jean-Michel Place, pp. 82, 84, 86, 87.
6
- Blanchot Maurice (1980), The writing of the disaster, Paris, Gallimard.
7
- Blanchot Maurice (1998), « Peace, peace in the distance and closer», in Difficile justice. In « the trace of Emmanuel Lévinas, Proceedings of the XXXVIth Colloquium of French-speaking Jewish Intellectuals », Paris, Albin Michel.
8
- Bustan Smadar, date de consultation : 1/15/2017, Trois préludes sur les divergences entre Lévinas et Blanchot : la Transcendance, la Mort et le Neutre, Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre. 2008, paragraphes : 13, 14, 15, consultable sur : http://www.openedition.org/6540,
9
- Calin Rodolphe, Sebbah François –David, (2005), The Vocabulary of Lévinas, Paris, ellipse.
10
- Derrida Jacques (2003), Parages, Paris, Galilée.
11
- Djavari Mohammad Hossein, Assodollahi Allahshokr, Mesbahi Maryam (2019), PhD thesis "The concepts of the Other and Death in Madame Bovary of Flaubert from the points of view of Emanuel Lévinas and Maurice Blanchot”, University of Tabriz.
12
- Dostoïevski Fiodor (1994), Brothers Karamazov, translated by Henri Mongault, Paris, Gallimard.
13
- Hansel Georges, date de consultation: 1/15/2017, Maurice Blanchot, lecteur de Lévinas, Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre, 2010, paragraphes : 5, 17, 21, 22, consultable sur : http://www.openedition.org/1129, .
14
- Lamblé Pierre, date de consultation : 1/15/2017, Dostoïevski inspirateur de Levinas, paragraphe : 5, consultable sur https://allsh.univ-amu.fr/files/programme_a4plie_ a5-dostoievski_-_copie.pdf.
15
- Lévinas Emmanuel (1961), Totality and Infinity, An Essay on Exteriority, Nijhoff, La Haye.
16
- Lévinas Emmanuel (1973), existence to existent, Paris, Vrin.
17
- Lévinas Emmanuel (1979), Time and the Other, Montpellier, Fata Morgana.
18
- Lévinas Emmanuel (1982), Ethique et infini – Conversations with Philippe Nemo, Paris, Livre de poche.
19
- Lévinas Emmanuel (1982), Of God Who Comes to Mind, Paris, Vrin.
20
- Lévinas Emmanuel (1996), Transcendence and intelligibility, Genève, Labor et Fides.
21
- Lévinas Emmanuel Interview conducted by Alain David (2003), « Derrida with Levinas: between him and me in affection and shared confidence », in Magazine littéraire, n° 419, « Emmanuel Lévinas, Ethics, religion, aesthetics: a philosophy of the Other».
22
- Lévinas, Emmanuel (1987), Humanism of the Other, Montpellier, Fata Morgana.
23
- Opelz Hannes, (2007), « Blanchot and Sartre. Between writing and the world», In Les Temps Modernes (n° 643-644), pp. 198-246
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Language, gender and subjectivity from Judith Butler’s perspective
The present paper seeks to view language through the prism of gender as social practice as delineated by Judith Butler. Following up on the notion of gender as an entity distinguished from biological sex, she tends to base the notion on a set of normalizing practices that determine gender identity. For so doing, she believes that gender is discursively made or constructed performatively. In her view, the social discourse aligns economic power with a manly power structure where women are dismissed altogether. On the other hand, social and linguistic structures are closely inter-related and serve to perpetuate the dominance and imposed gender identity the latter one of which is actualized through imitated performativity. The article also explores dimensions of gendered practice regarding subjectivity and repression. Butler’s views, though quite intriguing for post-structuralists and postmodern scholars, have been criticized on the grounds that it fails to empower women, follow a political agenda, promise any moral basis.
https://philosophy.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9496_5b9389aedd4f6ef8c1054d4c17648ac9.pdf
2019-10-23
305
316
10.22034/jpiut.2019.32522.2276
Butler
gender language
performativity
subjectivity
مسعود
یعقوبی نوتاش
masoud.yaghoubi@gmail.com
1
استادیار گروه آموزش زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه تبریز
LEAD_AUTHOR
وحید
نژاد محمّد
va_nejad77@yahoo.fr
2
استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فرانسه، دانشگاه تبریز
AUTHOR
محمود
صوفیانی
msoufiani@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
استادیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه تبریز
AUTHOR
- Austin, J. L. (1976). How to do Things with Words, James O. Urmson, Marina Sbisà (eds), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2th Ed.
1
- Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, New York: Routledge.
2
- Butler, J. (1993) Bodies that Matter: On the discursive limits of “Sex”, London, New York: Routledge.
3
- Butler, J. (1997a). Excitable speech. New York: Routledge.
4
- Butler, J. (1997b). The psychic life of power. Theories in subjectivity, Stanford University Press: Stanford.
5
- Butler, J (1999) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, London, New York: Routledge.
6
- Butler, J (2000) ‘Politics, power and ethics, p. a discussion between Judith Butler and William Conolly’ Theory & Event 4(2), http, p.//muse.jhu.edu/journals/theoryand event/toc/index.html (accessed on 15th January 2006).
7
- Butler, J. (1999). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
8
- Butler, J., Sabot, P., and Young, D. (2012). Subjects of desire: Hegelian reflections in twentieth-century France. New York: Columbia University Press.
9
- Gannon, S. & Davies, B. (2006). Post-modern, post-structural and critical theories. In S. N. Hess-Biber (Ed.), Handbook of feminist research (pp. 71-106). New York: Sage Publications.
10
- Lloyd, M. (2007). Judith Butler: From Norms to Politics. Cambridge: Polity.
11
- Mikkola, Mari. 2017. Feminist Perspectives on Sex and Gender, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
12
- Ramazanoglu, C. (with Holland, J.). (2002). Feminist methodology: Challenges and choices. London: Sage.
13
- Stoller, Robert (1968), Sex and gender: On the development of masculinity and femininity. London, Hogarth Press.
14
- Searl, J. (1998). La construction de la réalité, Paris: Gallimard.
15
- Vidal, J. (2006). Judith Butler en France: Trouble dans la réception , Revue Mouvements, Nº 47-48, mi-juin.
16