نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رامین عزیزی ¹
• حسن ابراهیمی ²

¹ دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران

² دانشیار دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت مسأله نفس در بین فلاسفه و حکما در طول تاریخ اندیشه بشر، این پژوهش درصدد است نقاط اشتراک و افتراق دیدگاه ملاصدرا و آقا علی زنوزی را در باب نفس و قوا و نسبت بین آن‎ها، مورد بررسی قرار دهد. ملاصدرا براساس مبانی فکری خود که عمده آ‎ن‎ها اصالت و تشکیک وجود و حرکت جوهری است، قوا را مراتب وجودی نفس واحد به شمار آورده و از تشکیک مراتب سخن گفته است. آقا‌علی مدرس زنوزی یکی از چهره‎های شاخص حکمت صدرایی، به جای تشکیک در مراتب، از ترکیب در مراتب سخن رانده است. این پژوهش روشن ساخته است که اختلاف این دو دیدگاه، به نحوه نگاه این دو فیلسوف به یک واقعیت واحد وابسته و از اختلاف مبانی این دو فیلسوف نشأت نمی‎گیرد و این‎که صدرا با توجه بیشتر به بحث اصالت وجود از حرکت جوهری بحث تشکیک آن را مورد توجه قرار داده است، ولی آقا‌علی با تکیه بر مباحث هیولی و صورت، بیشتر به بحث ترکیب پرداخته است. نگارنده در حد توان کوشید تبیین روشنی از دیدگاه این دو حکیم ارائه دهد.

تازه های تحقیق

The Relation of Soul to Its Powers from the Prespective of Mulla Sadra and Modares Zonouzi

Ramin azizi¹, Hasan ebrahimi ²

¹ M.A. inIslamic philosophy and theology, Tehran university,

²Assistant Professor of Islamic philosophy, Tehran university,

E-mail: ebrahim@ut.ac.ir

Abstract

As regards to the importance of soul issue among philosophers and thinkers in the history of human thought, This research seeks to examine the points of communities and separations of Mulla Sadra's and Zenouzi's views on the soul and its powers and the relation between them. Mulla Sadra on the basis of his main foundations which are the fundamentality of existence, existential gradation and change in substance, has considered powers as existential rank of a single soul and has spoken of gradation of degree. Modares Zonouzi who considered as one of the best exponents of Transcendent Wisdom, has spoken of a combination of degrees rather than gradation of degrees. The research has made it clear that the difference between these two views arise from the way these two philosophers look at a single fact and does not emerge from the Fundamental differences between them, and that Sadra, with more emphasis on the issue of the fundamentality of existence in the substantial motion, has paid more attention to the issue of gradation, but Agha'ali, having relied on topics of matter and form, has focused on the issue of combination. The author has tried to provide a clear explanation of the views of these two wise.

Key Words:  Soul, powers, Mulla Sadra, Modares Zonouzi, Combination of soul and it powers.

1. 1.    Introductıon

 The problem of soul and  its powers and their relation is from early time a matter of debate in philosophy in such a way that drew the attention of philosophers in all times and quarters. In the views of the Peripatetic philosophers, the powers of the soul are the tools and instruments of the soul.Therefore, none of the powers is a human soul, but the soul is one that possesses these powers. [1] The reason why the Peripatetic philosophers failed to provide a correct explanation of the problem is that they considered most of the powers material. [2]

more importantly, they did not have the correct understanding of the principles of wisdom Transcendentalism, such as reality of being, gradation of being and substantial motion, and many other principles .therefore, they could not clearly understand the relation between soul and its powers. But Mulla Sadra by introducing above principles has considered powers as existential rank of a single soul and has spoken of gradation of degree. The philosophers after Sadra, who are generally followers of the transcendental wisdom, endorse this theory and accept a gradational approach about the soul .Modares Zonouzi who considered as one of the best exponents of Transcendent Wisdom , has spoken of  the combination of degrees rather than gradation of degrees. As we see Mulla Sadra and Zenouzi as two Transcendent Wisdom philosophers, have two different perspectives on this matter. Therefore, the main question in this research is why Agha Ali Zenouzi speaks of the combination of degrees rather than gradation of degrees, and what does he mean by combining? And does this arise from the fundamental differences between them? Since there has never been a clear explanation for this issue, the author's attempt to answer this question has led to this research.

1. 2.      Method

In this research, the author first collects and analyzes the views of each of the two philosophers on the issue, then compares  thier ideas and finally provides a clear explanation that why there is differences between them.

1. 3.      Conclusıon

The research has made it clear that the difference between their views arise from the way these two philosophers look at a single fact and does not emerge from the Fundamental differences between them, and that Sadra with more emphasis on the issue of the fundamentality of existence in the substantial motion, has paid more attention to the issue of gradation, but Agha Ali, having relied on topics of matter and form, has focused on the issue of combination.

1. 4.      References
   1. Tusi, Khaje Nasir al-Din Mohammed ibn Hasan (2010), Ethics of Nasseri, Correction of Azizullah Alizadeh, Tehran: Ferdows.
   2. Ibn Sina, Hussein ibn Abdullah (1375), Al-Nafs I The Book of Al-Shifa, Research by Hasanzadeh Amoli, Qom: Publishing Center OF Islamic Propagation Office.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• نفس
• قوا
• ملاصدرا
• حکیم آقا علی زنوزی
• تشکیک نفس
• ترکیب نفس و قوا

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relation of soul to its powers from the prespective of Mulla Sadra and Modares Zonouzi

نویسندگان [English]

• Ramin Azizi ¹
• Hassan Ebrahimi ²

¹ M.A. of Philosophy and Kalam, University of Tehran

² Associate Professor, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

As regards to the importance of soul issue among philosophers and thinkers in the history of human thought, This research seeks to examine the points of communities and separations of Mulla Sadra's and Zenouzi's views on the soul and its powers and the relation between them. Mulla Sadra on the basis of his main foundations which are the fundamentality of existence, existential gradation and change in substance, has considered powers as existential rank of a single soul and has spoken of gradation of degree. Modares Zonouzi who considered as one of the best exponents of Transcendent Wisdom, has spoken of a combination of degrees rather than gradation of degrees. The research has made it clear that the difference between these two views arise from the way these two philosophers look at a single fact and does not emerge from the Fundamental differences between them, and that Sadra, with more emphasis on the issue of the fundamentality of existence in the substantial motion, has paid more attention to the issue of gradation, but Agha'ali, having relied on topics of matter and form, has focused on the issue of combination. The author has tried to provide a clear explanation of the views of these two wise.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Soul
• powers
• Mulla Sadra
• Modares Zonouzi
• Combination of soul and it powers