Rational Religion in the Modern World: Hegel's Conception and 21st Century Modernity

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری فلسفه اسلامی پژوهشگر مدعو، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم، ایران

2 استادیار گروه حکمت و فلسفه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

Hegel’s philosophy of religion seeks to define a form of religion capable of preserving social unity in the context of modern transformation. At the center of his system stands the Absolute Spirit, whose historical manifestations appear in art, religion, and philosophy. Religion expresses these manifestations symbolically, and the degree of a religion’s completeness determines the clarity of this expression. Hegel maintains that the development of religion and its reconciliation with philosophy provide a rational grounding for religious truth in the modern age and contribute to the self-consciousness of the Absolute Spirit. This study analyzes the rationalization of religion in Hegel’s thought and concludes that only a complete religion aligned with absolute philosophy can fully shape human self-awareness. Hegel ultimately identifies Lutheran Christianity, through the doctrines of incarnation and the Trinity, as the consummate religion that reconciles historical determination with absoluteness. While this approach unifies religion and philosophy and emphasizes reason, it also invites criticism for its Christian exclusivism, secularizing tendency, and the weakening of religion’s sacred character.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Rational Religion in the Modern World: Hegel's Conception and 21st Century Modernity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Esfandiar 1
  • Ali Fallahrafie 2
1 PhD in Islamic Philosophy Visiting Researcher, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Hikmah and Philosophy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Hegel’s philosophy of religion seeks to define a form of religion capable of preserving social unity in the context of modern transformation. At the center of his system stands the Absolute Spirit, whose historical manifestations appear in art, religion, and philosophy. Religion expresses these manifestations symbolically, and the degree of a religion’s completeness determines the clarity of this expression. Hegel maintains that the development of religion and its reconciliation with philosophy provide a rational grounding for religious truth in the modern age and contribute to the self-consciousness of the Absolute Spirit. This study analyzes the rationalization of religion in Hegel’s thought and concludes that only a complete religion aligned with absolute philosophy can fully shape human self-awareness. Hegel ultimately identifies Lutheran Christianity, through the doctrines of incarnation and the Trinity, as the consummate religion that reconciles historical determination with absoluteness. While this approach unifies religion and philosophy and emphasizes reason, it also invites criticism for its Christian exclusivism, secularizing tendency, and the weakening of religion’s sacred character.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hegel
  • Phenomenology of Religion
  • Absolute Spirit
  • Consummate Religion
  • Christianity
  • Modernity

مراجع

Beiser, F. (2012). Hegel. Routledge.
Desmond, W. (2003). Hegel's God: A counterfeit double? Aldershot: Ashgate.
Dierken, J. (2024). “Religion in the Thought of the Young Hegel” in Religious. Feb 2024, Vol. 15, Iss: 3, pp 279-297.
Dudley, W. (2014). “Thomas A. Lewis. Religion, Modernity, and Politics in Hegel” in Hegel Bulletin. Oct 2014, Vol. 35, Iss: 2, pp 313-318.
Hammer, E. (2013). “Hegel as a Theorist of Secularization” in Hegel Bulletin. Oct 2013, Vol. 34, Iss: 2, pp 223-244.
Hammond, S. (2018). On Hegel’s Rational Christianity. www.SweetTalkConversation.com.
Hartshorne, C. (1941). Man's vision of God and the logic of theism. The Macmillan Company.
Hegel, G.W.F. (1934). Lectures on the philosophy of Religion. Ed, P.C. Hodgson. University of California Press.
Hegel, G. W. F. (1970). philosophy of nature, ed. M. J. Petry. George Allen Unwin London.
Hegel, G. W. F. (1971). The phenomenology of spirit. trans, A.V Miller. Oxford University Press.
Hegel, G. W. F. (1977). Reason in history, trans. Hamid Enayat. Tehran: Scientific publications of the University of Technology.
Hegel, G. W. F. (1984). The Letters, Trans, Clark Butler and Christiane Seiler. Indian University Press.
Hegel, G. W. F. (1956). The Philosophy of History. New York: Dover.
Hodgson, Peter C. (2005). Hegel and Christian Theology: A Reading of the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. Oxford University Press.
Küng, H. (2006). Does God Exist. Wipf & Stock Pub.
Lewis, T. A. (2011). Religion, Modernity and Politics in Hegel, Oxford University Press.
Lewis, T. A. (2013). Religion, “Reconciliation, and Modern Society: The Shifting Conclusions of Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion” in Harvard Theological Review. Jan 2013,Vol. 106, Iss: 01, pp 37-60.
Luchi, J. P. (2022) “Considerações Hegelianas sobre a relação entre religião cristã e estado moderno”in Sofia. Jul 2022, Vol. 2, Iss: 2, pp 187-199.
Lukács, G. (1995). Young Hegel, trans. Mohsen Hakimi. Tehran: Center publication
Taylor, C. (1979). Hegel and Modern Society. Cambridge University Press.
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مجله پژوهش های فلسفی
دوره 19، شماره 53 - شماره پیاپی 53
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شماره 53 زمستان 1404
دی 1404
صفحه 225-240

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