The Crises of the Sciences and Skills and Objects Themselves

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار مدرسه فلسفه، دانشگاه کالج دوبلین، ایرلند.

10.22034/jpiut.2026.21213

چکیده

For Edmund Husserl, the crisis of the modern sciences consists in the reduction of beings and the world to the mathematically measurable. Yet the lifeworld with its things that we fashion and use with our hands is no less real than the objects of science, and the scientific attitude is always nested within this lived world. Martin Heidegger by contrast finds the major source of our crisis in the Cartesian conception of subject and world. This has culminated in Nietzschean theory of the will to power, which in its unity with technology has despoiled our environment. In all of this Heidegger retains a tenderness for the small-scale products of human handiwork, which are preferable to machines and machine tools. In his own philosophy of technology Gilbert Simondon shares some of these concerns, whilst contending that technological objects have untapped potentials in relation to those who invent, use and develop them. Common to all these philosophies is a worry about abstract theory and mechanization reducing our direct engagement with things. This worry is compounded by a sociocultural tendency identified by Matthew Crawford, a tendency to denigrate a career in the practical trades. Drawing on Crawford’s experience of manual engagement in the world, I argue that a revalorization of such skilled work and of caring and repairing would help to ameliorate the climate and pollution crises and improve our lives. Many of our problems come from the discarding of things through our carelessness or through planned obsolescence by their makers.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Crises of the Sciences and Skills and Objects Themselves

نویسنده [English]

  • Timothy Mooney
Associate Professor, School of Philosophy, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
چکیده [English]

For Edmund Husserl, the crisis of the modern sciences consists in the reduction of beings and the world to the mathematically measurable. Yet the lifeworld with its things that we fashion and use with our hands is no less real than the objects of science, and the scientific attitude is always nested within this lived world. Martin Heidegger by contrast finds the major source of our crisis in the Cartesian conception of subject and world. This has culminated in Nietzschean theory of the will to power, which in its unity with technology has despoiled our environment. In all of this Heidegger retains a tenderness for the small-scale products of human handiwork, which are preferable to machines and machine tools. In his own philosophy of technology Gilbert Simondon shares some of these concerns, whilst contending that technological objects have untapped potentials in relation to those who invent, use and develop them. Common to all these philosophies is a worry about abstract theory and mechanization reducing our direct engagement with things. This worry is compounded by a sociocultural tendency identified by Matthew Crawford, a tendency to denigrate a career in the practical trades. Drawing on Crawford’s experience of manual engagement in the world, I argue that a revalorization of such skilled work and of caring and repairing would help to ameliorate the climate and pollution crises and improve our lives. Many of our problems come from the discarding of things through our carelessness or through planned obsolescence by their makers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Care
  • Crises
  • Environment
  • Object
  • Repair
  • Skills
  • Technology

مراجع

Crawford, M. B. (2009). Shop Class as Soulcraft: An Inquiry into the Value of Work. Penguin.
Descartes, R. (1986). Meditations on First Philosophy (J. Cottingham, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1641)
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and Time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). Basil Blackwell. (Original work published 1927)
Heidegger, M. (1968). What Is Called Thinking? (J. G. Gray, Trans.). Harper & Row. (Original work published 1954)
Heidegger, M. (1973). The End of Philosophy (J. Stambaugh, Trans.). Harper & Row. (Original work published 1969)
Heidegger, M. (1977). The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays (W. Lovitt, Trans.). Harper & Row. (Original work published 1954)
Husserl, E. (1960). Cartesian meditations (D. Cairns, Trans.). Nijhoff. (Original work published 1931)
Husserl, E. (1970). The crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology (D. Carr, Trans.). Northwestern University Press. (Original work published 1936)
Husserl, E. (1982). Ideas pertaining to a pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological philosophy: First Book (F. Kersten, Trans.). Nijhoff. (Original work published 1913)
Husserl, E. (1989). Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy: Second book (R. Rojcewicz & A. Schuwer, Trans.). Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Original work published 1913)
Husserl, E. (1997). Thing and space: Lectures of 1907 (R. Rojcewicz, Trans.). Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Original work published 1907)
Merleau-Ponty, M. (2012). Phenomenology of Perception (D. A. Landes, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1945)
Mills, S. (2016). Gilbert Simondon: Information, Technology and Media. Bloomsbury Academic.
Nietzsche, F. (1968). The Will to Power (W. Kaufmann & R. J. Hollingdale, Trans.). Random House. (Original work published 1901)
Packard, V. (1960). The Waste Makers. David McKay Company.
Simondon, G. (1980). On the mode of existence of technical objects (N. Mellamphy, Trans.). University of Western Ontario.
Simondon, G. (2010). The limits of human progress: A critical study. Cultural Politics, 6(2), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.2752/175174310X12672016548367
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