Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

Departments of German and Philosophy, Duke University, USA

چکیده

This article lays the groundwork for a defense of rational intuitions by first arguing against a prevalent view according to which intuition is a distinctive psychological state, an “intellectual seeming” that p, that then constitutes evidence that p. An alternative account is then offered, according to which an intuition that p constitutes non-inferential a priori knowledge that p in virtue of the concepts exercised in judging that p. This account of rational intuition as the exercise of conceptual capacities in a priori judgment is then distinguished from the dogmatic, entitlement and reliabilist accounts of intuition’s justificatory force. The article concludes by considering three implications of the proposed view for the Experimental Philosophy movement.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Intuition as a Capacity for a Priori Knowledge

نویسنده [English]

  • Henry W. Pickford

Departments of German and Philosophy, Duke University, USA

چکیده [English]

This article lays the groundwork for a defense of rational intuitions by first arguing against a prevalent view according to which intuition is a distinctive psychological state, an “intellectual seeming” that p, that then constitutes evidence that p. An alternative account is then offered, according to which an intuition that p constitutes non-inferential a priori knowledge that p in virtue of the concepts exercised in judging that p. This account of rational intuition as the exercise of conceptual capacities in a priori judgment is then distinguished from the dogmatic, entitlement and reliabilist accounts of intuition’s justificatory force. The article concludes by considering three implications of the proposed view for the Experimental Philosophy movement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • intuition
  • rationality
  • experimental philosophy
  • non-inferentialism
  • epistemology
-      Alexander, Joshua (2012). Experimental Philosophy: An Introduction. Cambridge: Polity.
-      Alexander, Joshua, and Weinberg, Johnathan (2007). “Analytic Epistemology and Experimental Philosophy.” Philosophy Compass 2: 56-80.
-      Alexander, Joshua, Mallon, Ron, and Weinberg, Johnathan (2010). “Accentuate the Negative.” Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1.2: 297-314.
-      Bealer, George (1992). “The Incoherence of Empiricism.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 66: 99-138.
-      Bealer, George (1998). “Intuition and the Autonomy of Philosophy.” In M. DePaul and W. Ramsey (eds.), Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield: 201-240.
-      Bengson, John (2013). “Experimental Attacks on Intuitions and Answers.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 86.3 (2013): 495-532.
-      Boghossian, Paul (2001). “Inference and Insight” (review of BonJour, In Defense of Pure Reason). Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63.3 (2001): 633-640.
-      BonJour, Laurence (1998). In Defense of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-      BonJour, Laurence (2005). “In Defense of the a Priori.” In Matthias Steup and Ernest Sosa (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. Oxford: Blackwell: 98-105.
-      Brown, Jessica (2011). “Thought Experiments, Intuitions and Philosophical Evidence.” Dialectica 65.4: 493-516.
-      Buckwalter, Wesley and Stich, Stephen (2014). “Gender and Philosophical Intuition.” In Joshua Knobe and Shaun Nicols (eds.), Experimental Philosophy, Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 307-346.
-      Burge, Tyler (1993). “Content Preservation.” The Philosophical Review 102: 457-488.
-      Burge, Tyler (2003). “Perceptual Entitlement.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 67.3: 503-548.
-      Cappelen, Herman (2012). Philosophy without Intuitions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-      Casullo, Alberto (2003). A Priori Justification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-      Cartwright, Nancy (2007). “What Makes a Capacity a Disposition?”. LSE Technical Report 10/03. Online: http://personal.lse.ac.uk/cartwrig/PapersGeneral/what%20makes%20a%20capacity%20a%20disposition.pdf
-      Chapman, Andrew and Addison Ellis, Robert Hanna, Tyler Hildebrand and Henry Pickford (2013). In Defense of Intuitions. A New Rationalist Manifesto. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
-      Chisholm, Roderick (1989). Theory of Knowledge. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentince-Hall.
-      Chudnoff, Elijah (2011a). “The Nature of Intuitive Justification.” Philosophical Studies 153: 313-333.
-      Chudnoff, Elijah (2011b). “What Intuitions are Like.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 82.3: 625-654.
-      Cullison, Andrew (2013). “Seemings and Semantics.” In Chris Tucker (ed.), Seemings and Jusification: New Essays on Dogmatism and Phenomenal Conservativism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 33-51.
-      Cummins, Robert (1998). “Reflection on Reflective Equilibrium.” In M. DePaul and W. Ramsey (eds.), Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield: 113-128.
-      Enoch, David, and Schechter, Joshua (2008). “How are Belief-Forming Methods Justified?”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 76/3: 547-579.
-      Geach, Peter (1957). Mental Acts. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
-      Goldman, Alvin (2007). “Philosophical Intuitions: Their Target, Their Source and Their Epistemic Status.” Grazer Philosophische Studien 74: 1-26.
-      Goldman, Alvin (2010). “Philosophical Naturalism and Intuitional Methodology.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 84.2 (Nov. 2010): 114-150.
-      Goldman, Alvin, and Pust, Joel (1998). “Philosophical Theory and Intuitional Evidence.” In M. DePaul and W. Ramsey (eds.), Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield: 179-200.
-      Hanna, Robert (2001). Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-      Huemer, Michael (2001). Skepticism and the Veil of Perception. New York: Rowman & Littlefield
-      Huemer, Michael (2007). “Compassionate Phenomenal Conservatism.” Philosophy and
-      Phenomenological Research 74: 30-55.
-      Huemer, Michael (2013). “Phenomenal Conservatism Über Alles.” In Chris Tucker (ed.), Seemings and
-      Justification. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013: 328-350.
-      Ichikawa, Jonathan (2013). “Experimental Philosophy and Apriority.” In Albert Casullo
-      And Joshua C. Thurow (eds.), The A Priori in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University
-      Press: 45-66.
-      Kahneman, Daniel, Slovic, Paul, and Tversky, Amos (1982). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-      Kant, Immanuel (1997). Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by Paul Guyer and Allen Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-      Kern, Andrea (2012). ”Knowledge as a Fallible Capacity.” In Stefan Tolksdorf (ed.). Conceptions of Knowledge. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter: 215-241.
-      Knobe, Joshua (2003). “Intentional Action and Side Effects in Ordinary Language.” Analysis 63: 190-193.
-      Knobe, Joshua and Shaun Nichols (2017). “Experimental Philosophy.” In Edward N. Zalta, ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/experimental-philosophy/.
-      Ludwig, Kirk (2007). “The Epistemology of Thought Experiments: First Person versus Third Person Approaches.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 31: 128-159.
-      Ludwig, Kirk (2010). “Intuitions and Relativity.” Philosophical Psychology 23: 427-445.
-      Lynch, Michael P. (2006). “Trusting Intuitions.” In Patrick Greenough and Michael P. Lynch (eds.), Truth and Realism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 227-238.
-      Machery, E., Mallon, R., Nichols, S., and Stich, S. (2005). “Semantics, Cross-Cultural Style.” Cognition 92: B1-B12.
-      McDowell, John (2009a). “Evans’s Frege.” In The Engaged Intellect: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 163-185.
-      McDowell, John (2009b). “The Disjunctive Conception of Experience as Material for a Transcendental Argument.” In The Engaged Intellect: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 225-240.
-      McDowell, John (2010). “Tyler Burge on Disjunctivism.” Philosophical Explorations 13.3: 243-255.
-      McDowell, John (2011). Perception as a Capacity for Knowledge. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
-      McGee, Vernon (1985). “A Counterexample to Modus Ponens.” Journal of Philosophy 82: 462-471.
-      Nichols, Shaun and Knobe, Joshua (2007). “Moral Responsibility and Determinism: the Cognitive Science of Folk Intuitions.” Noûs 41: 663-685.
-      Peacocke, Christopher (1992). A Study of Concepts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
-      Plantinga, Alvin (1993). Warrant and Proper Function. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-      Pryor, James (2000). “The Skeptic and the Dogmatist.” Noûs 34.4: 517-549.
-      Pryor, James (2005). “Is there Immediate Justification?” In Matthias Steup and Ernest Sosa (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. Oxford: Blackwell: 181-202.
-      Pust, Joel (2000). Intuitions as Evidence. New York: Garland Publishing.
-      Sellars, Wilfrid (1997). Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-      Sosa, Ernest (2006). “Intuitions and Truth.” In Patrick Greenough and Michael P. Lynch (eds.), Truth and Realism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 208-226.
-      Sosa, Ernest (2007a). “Intuitions: Their Nature and Epistemic Efficacy.” Grazer Philosophische Studien 74: 51-67.
-      Sosa, Ernest (2007b). A Virtue Epistemology. New York: Oxford University Press.
-      Sosa, Ernest (2013). “Intuitions and Foundations.” In Albert Casullo and Joshua C. Thurow (eds.), The A Priori in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 186-203.
-      Stich, Stephen and Buckwalter, Wesley (2011). “Gender and the Philosophy Club.” The Philosopher’s Magazine 52: 60-65.
-      Swain, S., Alexander, J. and Weinberg, J.M. (2008). “The Instability of Philosophical Intuitions: Running Hot and Cold on Truetemp.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 76.1: 138-55.
-      Tucker, Chris (2013). “Seemings and Justification: An Introduction.” In Chris Tucker (ed.), Seemings and Justification: New Essays on Dogmatism and Phenomenal Conservatism. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1-29.
-      Weatherson, Brian (2003). “What Good are Counterexamples?” Philosophical Studies 115 (2003): 1-31.
-      Weinberg, Jonathan (2007). “How to Challenge Intuitions Empirically Without Risking Skepticism,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 31.1: 318-343.
-      Weinberg, Jonathan (2013). “The Prospects for an Experimentalist Rationalism, or Why It’s OK if the A Priori Is Only 99.44 Percent Empirically Pure.” In Albert Casullo and Joshua C. Thurow (eds.), The A Priori in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 92-108.
-      Weinberg, Jonathan, Nichols, Shaun, and Stich, Stephen (2001). “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions.” Philosophical Topics 29: 429-60.
-      White, Roger (2006). “Problems for Dogmatism.” Philosophical Studies 131: 525-557.
-      Williamson, Timothy (2007). The Philosophy of Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell.
-      Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1969). On Certainty. Translated and edited by G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H. von Wright. Oxford: Blackwell.
-      Wright, Crispin (2004a). “On Epistemic Entitlement: Warrant for Nothing (and Foundations for Free?)”. Aristotelian Society, suppl. vol. 79: 168-211.
-      Wright, Crispin (2004b). “Intuition, Entitlement and the Epistemology of Logical Laws.” Dialectica 58: 155–175.
-      Zagzebski, Linda (2013). “Powers and Reasons.” In Ruth Groff and John Greco (eds.), Powers and Capacities in Philosophy: The New Aristotelianism. New York: Routledge: 270-281.
-      Zamzow, J. and Nichols, S. (2009). “Variations in Ethical Intuitions.” Philosophical Issues 19: 368-388.
CAPTCHA Image