Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه تاریخ و فرهنگ غرب، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

Kant’s method on moral philosophy follows his general way of philosophizing, i.e. transcendental method. That is to say, he discovers formal conditions of moral action through the transcendental analysis rather than focusing on non-rational motivations. However, it would seem to be the case that his concept of the human being as “the end-in- itself”, “the kingdom of ends”, should be understood within a Kantian big picture which is the practical aspect of human existence. Firstly, I elucidate Kant’s idea of the kingdom of ends which is the idea of the humanity as end in itself with respect to moral dimension; secondly, I clarify its political dimension and, to some extent, its legal implications; thirdly, I delineate its religious implications; finally, the kingdom of ends is considered within Kant’s philosophy of history where I evince its final sense. Therefore, Kant’s practical philosophy is taken to be accounted as a comprehensive whole based upon the kingdom of ends, although it is not a systematic whole similar to Hegelian system.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Kingdom of Ends: Comprehensive Account of Kant’s Philosophy of History with Regard to Religion

نویسنده [English]

  • Mazdak Rajabi

Assistant professor of history & civilization of the west, IHCS, Teharn, Iran

چکیده [English]

Kant’s method on moral philosophy follows his general way of philosophizing, i.e. transcendental method. That is to say, he discovers formal conditions of moral action through the transcendental analysis rather than focusing on non-rational motivations. However, it would seem to be the case that his concept of the human being as “the end-in- itself”, “the kingdom of ends”, should be understood within a Kantian big picture which is the practical aspect of human existence. Firstly, I elucidate Kant’s idea of the kingdom of ends which is the idea of the humanity as end in itself with respect to moral dimension; secondly, I clarify its political dimension and, to some extent, its legal implications; thirdly, I delineate its religious implications; finally, the kingdom of ends is considered within Kant’s philosophy of history where I evince its final sense. Therefore, Kant’s practical philosophy is taken to be accounted as a comprehensive whole based upon the kingdom of ends, although it is not a systematic whole similar to Hegelian system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The Kingdom of Ends
  • Unsocial Sociability
  • Ethical State
  • Kingdom of Virtue
  • Kingdom of Good Principle
-       Korsgaard, Christine. M., (1996). “Creating the Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and responsibility in personal relations”, in her book, Creating the Kingdom of Ends, Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
-       Leibniz, G. W, (2017) Methodus Discendae Doccendaeque Jurisprudentiae, A New Method For Learning And Teaching Jurisprudence.
-       Pippin, Robert B., (2014).  “Kant’s Theory of Value”. in Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy. London. Routledge. 43:2.
-       Kant, Immanuel.,(1989). Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose. in Kant Political Writings. Translated and Edited by H. S. Reiss. Cambridge. Cambridge university Press.
-       Kant, Immanuel (1996). Critique of Pure Reason, In Critique of Pure Reason; Unified Edition.translated by Werner S. Pluhar, Introduction by Patricia Kitcher. Indianapolis/Cambridge. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
-       Kant, Immanuel (1999). Groundwork of the metaphysics of Morals, in Practical philosophy.Translated and Edited By Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
-       Kant, Immanuel (1999). The critique of practical reason, in Practical philosophy.Translated and Edited By Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
-       Kant, Immanuel (1999).The metaphysics of morals, in Practical philosophy, Translated and Edited By Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
-       Kant, Immanuel (2001) Religion within the boundaries of mere reason, in Religion and Rational Theology. Translated and Edited by Allen W. Wood and George Di Giovanni. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press
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