Journal of Philosophical Investigations
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Critique and Investigation of the Evolutionary Ethical Behavior Explanations based on Francisco Ayala’s Theories
Critique and Investigation of the Evolutionary Ethical Behavior Explanations based on Francisco Ayala’s Theories

هاله عبدالهی راد؛ حسن میانداری

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 1-20

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.8041

چکیده
  Ayala (American philosopher and biologist) has presented new theories on the evolutionary ethical explanations. Due to the large scope of Ayala’s discussion on evolutionary ethics, only some of his theories will be reviewed in this paper after mentioning Ayala’s theoretical foundations about the formation of moral sense and moral norms. Following ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
From Analytic Philosophy to an Ampler and More Flexible Pragmatism: Muhammad Asghari talks with Susan Haack
From Analytic Philosophy to an Ampler and More Flexible Pragmatism: Muhammad Asghari talks with Susan Haack

محمد اصغری؛ Susan Haack

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 21-28

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.41496.2658

چکیده
  In this interview, which took place in July 2020, Muhammad Asghari, an associate professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Tabriz, asked eleven questions (via email ) to Professor Susan Haack, a distinguished professor of philosophy at the University of Miami. This American philosopher eagerly and patiently emailed me the answers to the questions. ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
A Comparative Study between the Attributes of Jesus in Christian Theology and Muhammadan Reality in Islamic Theosophy
A Comparative Study between the Attributes of Jesus in Christian Theology and Muhammadan Reality in Islamic Theosophy

حسین اترک

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 29-47

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.41038.2634

چکیده
  In this paper, the attributes of Jesus as the second person of Trinity in Christianity and Muhammadan Reality in Islamic Theosophy were compared. The term ''Muhammadan Reality'' in Islamic Theosophy refers to transcendental and divine being of Muhammad rather than his human and historic existence. According to this research, both Jesus and Muhammadan Realities ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
The Virus and the Environment: The Problem of Sustaining Unexpected Gains
The Virus and the Environment: The Problem of Sustaining Unexpected Gains

Robin Attfield

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 48-54

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.11555

چکیده
  The coronavirus pandemic has had some unexpected benign effects (including a large drop in air pollution and levels of nitrogen oxides in UK and elsewhere, and a smaller drop in global carbon emissions), which raises the problem of how to sustain and build on these unexpected gains. These gains could easily be lost when economies and road transport return to ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
the criterion of truth in Epicureanism and Charvaka philosophy (a criticism on charvaka)
the criterion of truth in Epicureanism and Charvaka philosophy (a criticism on charvaka)

سجاد دهقان زاده؛ فاطمه احمدیان؛ زینب میرحسینی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 55-71

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.35002.2370

چکیده
  The main challenge of present paper is analytical comparing the “Criterion of Valid Cognition” from viewpoints of Epicureanism and Charvaka (Lokayata) philosophy, the largest exponent of Indian materialism,. The new findings of the research show that the whole construction of ontology, ethics, and infidelity of Charvaka is logically based on its epistemology. ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Analysis of self-awareness based on suspended man from the perspective of Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi
Analysis of self-awareness based on suspended man from the perspective of Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi

مجید احسان فر؛ حسین فلسفی؛ سید حسین واعظی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 72-82

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.41090.2640

چکیده
  The question of what is the soul is one of the fundamental questions in philosophical psychology and the answer to it, along with other psychology questions, has been and is one of the most important and first concerns of philosophers. Among the philosophers, Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi have offered a novel view of the identity of the soul in comparison with their ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Philosophy and Corona : A new philosophy of man and humanism
Philosophy and Corona : A new philosophy of man and humanism

Hans Dassen

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 83-94

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.39457.2542

چکیده
  The main objective of human beings as absolute entities is related to our urge for survival, because in a material sense we are not self-supporting, but completely dependent on what nature offers us. In earlier times survival instincts meant that we lived as hunters, guided by our functional antennas (hunger, thirst, fatigue, sexual feelings, etc.). Today, this ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Overcoming Cartesian Dualism in Light of Mulla Sadra's Philosophy
Overcoming Cartesian Dualism in Light of Mulla Sadra's Philosophy

علی کرباسی زاده اصفهانی؛ محمدرضا بهتاش

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 95-108

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.43014.2723

چکیده
  This article tries to find a way out of the epistemological problem and the self-body question in Cartesian dualism in light of Mulla Sadra Shirazi's philosophy. There are possibilities in Sadra's thought which make achieving this objective possible. The argument develops in three steps to bring into focus the subject, the object, and knowledge. Concerning the ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Does Shahrazuri Follow the Illuminationist Descendants on Celestial Beings in alRumuz
Does Shahrazuri Follow the Illuminationist Descendants on Celestial Beings in alRumuz

نادیا مفتونی؛ ادریس محمود

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 109-116

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.41138.2642

چکیده
  Considered the second face of Illumination philosophy after the Shaykh al-Ishraq Suhrawardi (1154-1191), Muhammad Ibn Mahmud Shams al-Din al-Shahrazuri (d. after 1288), in most part, hold fast to Suhrawardi’s illuminationist doctrines. As a case study on celestial bodies, the allegiance may well be at question level.The nine celestial spheres and sublunary ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
What We Owe to NietzscheHope, Pessimism, and the Tragic-Art of the Greeks
What We Owe to NietzscheHope, Pessimism, and the Tragic-Art of the Greeks

James Magrini

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 117-133

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.38508.2513

چکیده
  to explore his Nietzsche's early and later response to nihilism and pessimism focused on reading I.This essay is focused on Nietzsche’s unique reading of the Pandora myth as it appears in Human, All Too Human and develops an interpretation of Hope, the most profound evil of the many evils released by Pandora infecting the human condition, as it might be ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Quine on Charity and Rationality
Quine on Charity and Rationality

حمیدرضا محبوبی آرانی؛ مجتبی درایتی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 134-147

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.29178.2097

چکیده
  W. V. Quine borrows the principle of charity from Neil Wilson, but modifies and enriches its content to fit into his naturalistic philosophy and epistemology. While Wilson ties this principle to the notion of truth, Quine’s attempts in finding a ground for it lead him to the concept of common rationality shared by all human beings, which is ultimately what ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Mulla Sadra's Evaluation of Suhrawardi's Eschatology
Mulla Sadra's Evaluation of Suhrawardi's Eschatology

سیمین مولایی بیرگانی؛ محسن غرویان؛ مهدی نجفی افرا

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 148-168

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.40314.2587

چکیده
  The present article explains and analyzes the impact of Suhrawardi's eschatology on Mulla Sadra's philosophy and Sadra's critical evaluation of it. In this research, we have tried to explain and analyze Mulla Sadra's critiques of Suhrawardi's thought about identity, celibacy, self-occurrence, self-survival, and post-mortem souls, and in general, relatively clear ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Mystical Awakening (Yaqzah) and Being-Mindfulness: Towards a Comparative Understanding of the Mystical Relevance of the Ontological Philosophies of Heidegger and Sadra
Mystical Awakening (Yaqzah) and Being-Mindfulness: Towards a Comparative Understanding of the Mystical Relevance of the Ontological Philosophies of Heidegger and Sadra

بیت الله ندرلو؛ محمد بیدهندی؛ محمد جواد صافیان

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 169-180

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2018.8311

چکیده
  Sadra and Heidegger share a common fundamental concern, i.e. the retrieve of the question of Being. Their whole philosophical career in one sense has been devoted to the accomplishment of this single task. They belong to different philosophical traditions and have lived in different worlds and have had different spiritual and intellectual ideals. However, their ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Thinking the Unthinkable: Hélène Cixous and the feminine marginality
Thinking the Unthinkable: Hélène Cixous and the feminine marginality

مهرداد پارسا خانقاه؛ علی فتح طاهری

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 181-195

چکیده
  < p>HélèneCixous, the renowned contemporary philosopher and feminist, provides such a heretic account of femininity which transcends the feminist social or political movements. She believes that “the female” can create a new identity for itself, when keeps its distance from the masculine symbolic order. Of course, this has nothing ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Sartre et la solitude des hommes: À propos d’un mot du Diable et le bon dieu
Sartre et la solitude des hommes: À propos d’un mot du Diable et le bon dieu

Christophe Perrin

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 196-222

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.11562

چکیده
  « Dieu, c’est la solitude des hommes » rétorque, dans Le diable et le bon dieu, le noble capitaine Goetz au modeste curé Heinrich. La phrase fait mouche autant que problème dans la bouche d’un personnage qui ne croit plus au ciel, à l’instar de l’auteur qui lui donne le jour. En cherchant ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
On the Soul’s Hierarchization: From Aristotle via Heidegger to Phenomenology of Life
On the Soul’s Hierarchization: From Aristotle via Heidegger to Phenomenology of Life

Detlev Quintern

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 223-238

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.11563

چکیده
  Based on Aristotelianism, philosophies in Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and traditional phenomenology, Martin Heidegger and late Max Scheler, shared a conceptual understanding of the soul. The plant’s soul – a worldly stage of the individualization of universal creativity - unfolds via the animal towards the human and beyond. The Phenomenology of ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
The Kingdom of Ends: Comprehensive Account of Kant’s Philosophy of History with Regard to Religion
The Kingdom of Ends: Comprehensive Account of Kant’s Philosophy of History with Regard to Religion

مزدک رجبی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 239-251

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.31903.2238

چکیده
  Kant’s method on moral philosophy follows his general way of philosophizing, i.e. transcendental method. That is to say, he discovers formal conditions of moral action through the transcendental analysis rather than focusing on non-rational motivations. However, it would seem to be the case that his concept of the human being as “the end-in- itself”, ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Capacitism as a New Solution to Mary's puzzle
Capacitism as a New Solution to Mary's puzzle

Roberto Horácio de Sá Pereira

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 252-263

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.11564

چکیده
  In this paper, I argue for a new solution to Mary’s puzzle in Jackson’s famous knowledge argument. We are told that imprisoned Mary knows all facts or truths about color and color vision. On her release, she learns something new according to B-type of materialism and according to property dualism. I argue that this cognitive improvement can only be ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
The Deficiency (Death) or Efficiency (Birth) of Language: Samuel Beckett and Jürgen Habermas
The Deficiency (Death) or Efficiency (Birth) of Language: Samuel Beckett and Jürgen Habermas

حسین صبوری؛ امین خانبازیان

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 264-273

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.42949.2717

چکیده
  The proximity of philosophy and literature has been endured since the dawn of time, both holding their stand among the critical thinkers from the ancient age to the modern time. A wide range of schools and thoughts have come to the stage of philosophy, one of the last ones being the Frankfurt School, whose notions target the social life of human beings and their ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
The place of Zen Buddhism philosophy in Sohrab Sepehri's poems
The place of Zen Buddhism philosophy in Sohrab Sepehri's poems

فتانه جلال کمالی؛ علی صادقی شهپر؛ مرتضی رزاق پور؛ حسین اردلانی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 274-288

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.40721.2613

چکیده
  The present study aims to investigate the effect of Zen Buddhism philosophy and language's ideology in the forests and trees in the Sohrab Sepehri's. In some of poems, Sepehri has used the basic concepts of Zen Buddhism, including purity and the core of the relationship between vision and nature. The purpose of this paper is to study of the intellectual context ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Mulla Sadra on the Relation of Sharia and Practical Philosophy
Mulla Sadra on the Relation of Sharia and Practical Philosophy

مریم صمدیه؛ محمد مهدوی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 289-302

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.42411.2690

چکیده
  To explain Mulla Sadra’s viewpoint of the relationship of practical wisdom and Sharia, one needs to turn to the explanation of human soul and its perfection (happiness). It should be mentioned that the nature of practical wisdom and its principles are specified based on the definition that is offered of happiness. According to Mulla Sadra, true happiness ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
The Historical study and gradual change of Art with the emphasis on theory of End of Art in Hegel's Thought
The Historical study and gradual change of Art with the emphasis on theory of End of Art in Hegel's Thought

علی شکرخوار؛ اسماعیل بنی اردلان

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 303-315

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.8028

چکیده
  In Hegel's view art is not just an artistic creation. Art is an introduction to liberation. Today, Hegel's philosophy is a substitute for many challenging issues, and also an obsolete for past points, Hegel interprets works of art with key elements of his philosophy such as "absolute", "freedom" and "consciousness." Hegel divides the history of the transformation ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Transformation and Transcendence of Artistic Form in Plato's Aesthetic Theory
Transformation and Transcendence of Artistic Form in Plato's Aesthetic Theory

کاملیا طالعی بافقی؛ مریم سلطانی کوهانستانی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 316-331

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2018.8016

چکیده
  Nowadays, although our aesthetic ideas are based on modern theories and perspectives that have pervaded the art, the root of western tradition of art dates back to Greek and Roman art tradition. Theory of form in art tries to emphasize the materiality of artistic object, though in later theories, it has been more flexible and proposes issues such as content and ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
Theory of Knowledge in Islamic Intellectual Tradition
Theory of Knowledge in Islamic Intellectual Tradition

حسین واله

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 332-356

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.28176.2042

چکیده
  Early Muslim philosophers, theologians, logicians and experts in jurisprudence understand knowledge as “firm true belief supported by evidence”. They consider conjectures as a kind of ignorance, the domain of certain knowledge confined in necessary truths; and the domain of uncertain knowledge limited to contingent facts. From their definitions and ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
An Inextricable Interaction and Interrelationship between Applied Linguistics and Philosophical-linguistics
An Inextricable Interaction and Interrelationship between Applied Linguistics and Philosophical-linguistics

محمد ظهرابی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 357-368

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.35222.2376

چکیده
  یک رابطه بسیار نزدیک بین زبانشناسی و فلسفه وجود دارد. در طول تاریخ، این دو حوزه تاثیرات بسزایی بر روی هم داشته اند. زبانشناسان همواره تلاش کرده اند تا معنی کلمات را از جهات مختلف بررسی کنند. به همین منوال، ...  بیشتر
مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
The Role of Metaphysics: As a Bridge between Science and Religion
The Role of Metaphysics: As a Bridge between Science and Religion

مهدی گلشنی

دوره 14، شماره 32 ، آذر 1399، صفحه 369-384

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.11587

چکیده
  Although for a couple of centuries empiricism was prevalent in physics circles , the development of various schools of philosophy of science, during the second half of the twentieth century, made it clear we do not encounter nature with empty minds and that scientists always use some assumptions in their scientific work. In this article. We argue that metaphysical ...  بیشتر