سه گانه های تشکیکی در عالم معرفت اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی. ایران. اردبیل.

چکیده

در بطنِ منابعِ حکمی، عرفانی و متونِ دینی به مناسبت­های مختلف سه­گانه­های بسیاری طرح شده است؛ این سه­گانه­ها را می­توان به سه دسته 1. سه­گانه­های مرتبط با مراتبِ شوونِ حق تعالی، 2. مراتب عالم و 3. مراتبِ شوون انسانی تقسیم­بندی کرد. مهم­ترین سه­گانه در مورد خداوند، سه­گانه «ذات، صفات و افعال» است که اساسِ تمامِ آموزه­های عرفانی و سه­گانه­های مطرح در آن است؛ و در مورد عالم، به تعبیرِ عرفانی سه مرتبه «ملک، ملکوت جبروت»، به تعبیر فلسفی سه مرتبه « ماده، مثال و عقل» و به تعبیر دینی سه مرتبه «دنیا، برزخ و آخرت» قابلِ اشاره است؛ به تبع مراتبِ عالم، مراتب سه­گانه بسیار مهمِ زمان یعنی «زمان، دهر، سرمد» مطرح می­شود؛ اما در مورد انسان نیز سه مرتبه نیروی «حواس، خیال، عقل» محوری­ترین سه­گانه است؛ و به همین ترتیب سه­گانه­های مهمِ دیگری در خرده­-موضوع­های معرفتی، با تکیه بر موارد یاد شده طرح شده است. حال مساله اساسی در این مقاله این است که چرا در این­جا بر «سه­گانه» تاکید شده است؟ و مراتبِ سه­گانه چه نسبتی با مراتبِ کم­تر یا بیشتر می­تواند داشته باشد؟ آیا بینِ مراتبِ یاد شده در این مقاله ارتباطِ منطقی­ای وجود دارد؟ یا هر سه­گانه­ای را می­توان در زمره مراتبِ یاد شده قرار داد؟ پاسخِ همه این سوالات در اصلِ وزینِ تشکیک در فلسفه اسلامی نهفته است؛ بنابراین اصل، هر یک شاخه از سه­گانه­های یاد شده سه مرتبه از یک حقیقت واحدند و با هم ارتباطِ طولی دارند؛ و در حقیقت یک­چیزند با چند مرتبه.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Gradational Trinities in Islamic acknowledge

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Babaei
Assistant Prof. Mohaghegh Ardebili University, Iran. Ardebil
چکیده [English]

There are many trinities in Islamic philosophical, mystical, and religious sources on various topics; these trinities can be divided into three general categories, including: "God's Affairs", " Universe" and "human faculties". 
The most important trinities of God's Affairs are the trinity of "Essences, Attributes and Acts" which is the basis of all mystical teachings and trinities that have been raised in Islamic mysticism. In the case of the universe, the three degrees of "kingdom (Molk), Dominion (Malakoot) and Archangelic world (Jabaroot)" can be noted. These three mystical interpretations are, respectively, in the philosophical term "matter, imagine and intellect," and in the religious interpretation "material world, inter-world and ultimate world." According to the hierarchy of the universe, a very important three-fold hierarchy of time, namely, "Time (Zaman), Aeon (Dahr), eternity (Sarmad)," is raised; but in the case of human faculties, the hierarchy of "senses, imagination, and intellect" is the most central trinities. And so in the sub-themes, there are other important trinities, based on the main points mentioned above. Now, the central question in this article is why the emphasis here is on the 'trinities'? And what relation can the trinity hierarchy have to a degree less or more? Is there a logical connection to the hierarchy mentioned in this article? Or can we put any of the trinities beside the hierarchy? The answer to all of these questions lies in the principle of Gradation (Tashkik) in Islamic philosophy; therefore, each branch of the above-mentioned trinities is three degrees of the same truth and has a long relationship with each other's; and in fact they all are one thing with several degrees. The end result of these discussions is the possibility of achieving unity in plurality. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • the principle of Gradation
  • Trinities
  • Islamic acknowledge

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مجله پژوهش های فلسفی
دوره 14، شماره 31 - شماره پیاپی 31
ویژه نامه فلسفه و بحران کرونا
1399
صفحه 387-411

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