Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه پژوهش هنر، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد پژوهش هنر، دانشگاه سمنان. سمنان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف مقاله مطالعه نگرش کانت به طبیعت در نقد سوم بر اساسِ مولفه‌های گرایش گردشگری طبیعی است. قصد این است با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، به این پرسش پاسخ ‌دهیم: چگونه و براساس چه مولفه‌هایی می‌توان از نقد سوم کانت چارچوبی برای زیباشناسی گردشگری فراهم کرد؟. مطالعات پژوهش نشان می‌دهد برای ترتیب‌دادن به چارچوب زیباشناسی گردشگری براساس نقدسوم کانت بهتر است مولفه‌های اساسی بخش نقد قوه حکم غایت‌شناختی را ابتدا طرح کرد. در بخش دوم نقد سوم با توجه به جایگاه ارگانیستی طبیعت و غایت‌مندی آن و نیز بسط مکانیستی طبیعت تحت اصل فوق محسوس ضمن رفع تناقض این دوگانه، درباره نقش غایات طبیعت و انسان به عنوان غایت واپسین بحث شده است. در این بخش زاویه دید گسترده‌ای برای رابطه انسان و طبیعت با توجه به غایت واپسین و فرجامین دیده‌ می‌شود. انسان با توجه به زاویه دید کلی، از بخش غایت‌ها و شناخت جایگاه خود به عنوان غایت واپسین و عنایت به غایت فرجامین، به زاویه دید جزیی‌تر در تأمل بر جلوه‌ها و جاذبه‌های طبیعی و زیبایی‌های آزاد و وابسته متکی به طبیعت، مصنوعات و آثار هنری دست می‌یابد. در نتیجه نقش زیبایی و والایی طبیعت در پرورش بعد اخلاقی و اعتلای فرهنگ انسان به منزلة یکی از پایه‌های اساسی زیباشناسی گردشگری به‌ویژه طبیعی مطرح می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Aesthetics of Tourism according to Kant`s Attitude to the Nature in Critique of Judgment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farideh Afarin 1
  • Bita Abde Nikfarjam 2

1 Assistant Prof. Art Studies Department, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 M. A. of Art Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

چکیده [English]

interaction between sciences and philosophy




In this research, we intend to examine Immanuel Kant's definition of nature in his critique of judgment in both parts, i.e., aesthetics and teleology. Then, we will evaluate these definitions of nature with the criteria of different trends of tourism such as nature tourism. Then we answer the question: Do Kant's definitions of nature in teleology and the relationship of nature with beauty and sublimity and the examples mentioned in this book, provide a proper Criteria for the goals, aspirations, and scopes of nature tourism? Do tourists of nature take us for a walk in the nature that Kant defines or sometimes describes?  Supposedly, both have a lot in common with emphasis on human ends and the importance of morality in praising beauty of nature. We search with a descriptive-analytical method to answer this question: How can a framework for aesthetics of tourism be provided from Kant's third critique? Research studies show that in order to organize the framework of aesthetics of tourism based on Kant's third critique, it is better to first outline the basic rubrics of the critique of the teleological judgment. In the second part of the third critique, considering the organic position of nature and its purpose and also the mechanistic expansion of nature under the supersensible principle, while eliminating the contradiction of this duality, the role of the purpose of nature and human as the ultimate purpose are discussed. In this part, an expansive view is seen for the relationship between man and nature with regard to the ultimate purpose and final purpose. According to the general point of view, human being, from the purposes and recognizing his/her position as the ultimate purpose and paying attention to the final purpose, will reach to a more detailed point of view. Human being, reflects on natural effects and charms and free and dependent beauties based on nature, artifacts and artworks. As a result, the role of beauty and sublimity of nature in cultivating the moral dimension and the promotion of human culture is considered as one of the basic foundations of aesthetics of tourism, especially nature tourism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nature
  • Aesthetics of tourism
  • Kant
  • Teleology
  • Nature Tourism
  • Afarin, F. (2019) “Aesthetic Attitude to the Arabesque in Islamic Art, according to Free and Dependent Beauty in Kant`s Aesthetics”, Metaphysik, 11, No. 2, Ser No. (28). [In Persian]
  • Allison, H. E. (2001) Kant's Theory of Taste, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ardebili, M. M. (2020) “Bildung: Roots, Functions and Significations”, Metaphysik, 12, No. 1, Ser No. 29. [In Persian]
  • Beiser, F. (2019) The Romantic Imperative: The Romantic imperative: The Concept of Early German Romanticism, Trans. Seyed Masood Azarfam, Tehran: Qooqnos. [In Persian]
  • Breitenbach, A. (2014) “Biological purposiveness, and Analogical Reflection” in Kant’s Theory of Biology, Edit. Ina Goy and Eric Watkins, Publisher: De Gruyter: 131-147. https://www.degruyter.com/ document/doi/10.1515/9783110225792/html.
  • Burnham, D. (2019) An Introduction to Kant's Critique of Judgment, Trans. Mohammad Reza Abolghasemi, Tehran: Ney Publication. [In Persian]
  • Cassirer, E. (2010) Philosophy of Enlightenment, Trans. Yadollah Moghen, Tehran: Niloofar. [In Persian]
  • Dickie, G. (2017) The Century of Taste, Trans: Mania Nourian and Davood Mirzaiee, Tehran: ‌Hekmat publication. [In Persian]
  • Dowling, Ch. (2010) "Zangwill Moderate Formalism and Another Look at Kant’s Aesthetics”, Kantian Review, Vol. 15-2: 90-117.
  • Ginsborg, H. (2016) Kant`s Aesthetics and Teleology, Trans. Davood Mirzaiee, Tehran: Qooqnos. [In Persian]
  • Glenn, P. (2010) Aesthetics and Nature (Bloomsbury Aesthetics), Trans. Zahra Ghiasi, Tehran: Roshde Amozesh Publication. [In Persian]
  • Kant, I. (2007) “An Answer to the Question: “What is Enlightenment?”, in What Is Enlightenment, Trans. Sirous Aryanpur, Tehran: Agah. [In Persian]
  • Kant, I. (2014) Critique of Judgment, Trans. Abdulkarim Rashidian, Tehran: Ney Publication. [In Persian]
  • Mondino, E.; Beery, Th. (2019) “Ecotourism as a Learning Tool for Sustainable Development. The Case of Monviso Transboundary Biosphere Reserve, Italy”, Journal of Ecotourism. Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 107-121.
  • Moore, A. ‌Andy, D. (2010) An introduction to Ecotourism Planning, Trans. Mohsen Kalantari; Ghadir Shokrizadeh, Zanjan: Azarkelk. [In Persian]
  • Mokhtari, D. (2013) “Axioms of geomorphology and Geotourism status”, Geographical and Environmental Planning, No. 1, 91-108. [In Persian]
  • Mirhosseini, S. M.; ‌Abedpour, Z.; ‌Shakeri, F. (2015) “Geotourism Capabilities of Iranian Hot and Mineral Water Springs”, Natural Geography, No. 28, 101-115. [In Persian]
  • Nistoreanu, P.; Dorobantu M. R.; Tuclea.C.E (2011) The Trilateral Relationship Ecotourism – Sustainable Tourism – Slow Travel Among Nature in the Line with Authentic Tourism Lovers, Journal of Tourism, No. 11, pp 34-37.
  • Olya, M. Narimani, G. (2018) “Analysis of Kant`s Precritique Approach to the Beautiful and the Sublime”, Kimiay-e Honar, No. 29, 7-23. [In Persian]
  • Rahmanita, M. (2018) “The Aesthetics of Nature Tourism Through The Philosophical Perspective of Immanuel Kant”, in: Advances in Economics, Business and Research (AEBMR), volume 52, 2nd International on Tourism, Gastronomy, and Tourist Destination (ICTGTD 2018 )
  • Rashidian, A. (2014) “Introduction”, in Critique of Judgement, Tehran: Ney Publication.
  • Romanenko, V. (1973) “The Beauty of Nature” in New Aesthetics, Trans. Mehdi Partovi, Amir Kabir Publication. [In Persian]
  • Selkani, I. (2020) "Ecotourism: Formula to Travel and Discover Responsibly”, Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, No. 436, pp. 1-4.
  • Vandewalle, B. (2000-2001) "La nature dans la philosophie critique de Kant", Philosoph’île. https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url= https://pedagogie.ac-reunion.fr/fileadmin/ANNEXES-ACADEMIQUES/03PEDAGOGIE/02COLLEGE/philosophie/Textes_des_collegues_sur_auteurs/Van_Kant_nature.pdf&pid=explorer&efh=false&a=v&chrome=false.
CAPTCHA Image