نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدرسی معارف اسلامی- اخلاق اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، قم، ایران.
2 استادیار دانشگاه پیام نور، قم، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه مطالعات اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، قم، ایران.
4 استادیار گروه مطالعات اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، قم، ایران.
چکیده
در این مقاله مبانی نظری و دیدگاه‌های اشاعره و رابرت آدامز در ذیل نظریه امر الهی و در حوزه اخلاق به تفکیک بررسی شده است. از منظر رابرت آدامز موضع‌گیری در رابطه با اخلاق در دو محور «معنای خوبی» و «معنای الزام» و از منظر اشاعره در دو بخش «حسن و قبح» و «الزامات اخلاقی» مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. از نظر آدامز، منشأ حسن اخلاقی ذات و صفات ذاتی خداوند است. همچنین از دیدگاه وی مفاهیم ارزشی واقعیت عینی دارد و دارای واقعیت خارجی است و کار عقل تنها کشف و درک آن است. اشاعره نیز در ذیل نظریه امر الهی، بیشتر به حسن و قبح افعال پرداخته‌اند و معتقدند حسن و قبح افعال ذاتی نیست بلکه شرعی است؛ بنابراین نظریة امر الهی اشاعره در خصوص حسن و قبح الهی وابستگی مفهومی نیست، بلکه بیشتر بر اساس وابستگی وجودشناختی اوامر اخلاقی بر ارادة خداوند است
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Explanation of Robert Adams's View of the Theory of the Divine Commond and Ash'arites Divine Command
نویسندگان [English]
- Abdollah Asadi 1
- Ahmad Hossein Falahi 2
- Yadollah Dadjoo 3
- Mahmoud Sheykholeslami 4
1 PhD Candidate in Islamic Education - Islamic Ethics, Payam-e Noor University, Qom, Iran. a.abdasadi@gmail.com
2 Assistant Professor Payame Noor University, Qom, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Payame Noor University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The theory of the divine command is one of the main theories of the philosophy of ethics, which discusses religion and its relationship with morality, the good and bad of actions, divine command and prohibition, and other moral issues. This theory has had many fans throughout history, and religious and moral thinkers and various religious schools have expressed their views on it. In this regard, the aim of this study is to explanation and critique of Robert Adams and Ash'arites on the theory of the divine. In this article, the theoretical foundations and views of the Ash'arites and Robert Adams under the theory of the divine and in the field of ethics are examined separately. From Robert Adams' point of view, taking a position on morality has been examined in two axes: "good meaning" and "meaning of obligation", and from the Ash'arite point of view, it has been examined in two sections: "good and ugliness" and "moral requirements". According to Adams, the source of moral goodness is the nature and intrinsic attributes of God. Also, from his point of view, value concepts have objective reality and have an external reality, and the work of reason is only to discover and understand it. The Ash'arites, under the theory of the divine order, have paid more attention to the good and ugliness of deeds and believe that the good and ugliness of deeds are not inherent but religious. It is the will of God.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Divine Matter
- Ethics
- Robert Adams
- Ash' Arites. Good and Bad
- Quran
- Adams, R. M. (2002) Finite and Infinite Goods: A Framework for Ethics, Oxford Scholarship Online.
- Adams, R. M. (1999) Finite and Infinite Goods: A Framework for Ethics, Oxford University Press, New York.
- Ahangaran, M. R. (2008) "Re-reading the place of the Ash'arite and justice disputes about the good and the bad of reason", Andishe-E-Novin-E-Dini; A Quarterly Research Journal, 4(15): 151-168. (in Persian)
- Aram A.; Javadi M. (2017) "Ibn Taymiyyah and Robert Adams on the Relationship between Religion and Ethics", Falsafe va Kalam-e Eslami, 50(1): 1-16. (in Persian)
- Eslami, S. H. (2014) "Akhund Khorasani and the discussion of the solidarity of reason and religion", Collection of Articles in Honor of Akhund Khorasani, Tehran: Alam Publications. (in Persian)
- Ashari A. A. I. (1955) Al-Lamma in response to the people of deviation Command and heresy, Egypt: an Egyptian Joint Stock Company. (in Persian)
- Ashari A. A. I. (1977) Al-Abana on the Origins of the Religion, Cairo: Darolansar. (in Persian)
- Ghafourian, M.; Sadeghi, M.; Hosseini, M. (2015) "Robert Adams's Reformed Theory of the Divine Command", Journal of Philosophy of Religion (Letter of Wisdom), 2 (28): 201-222. (in Persian)
- Ghorbani, Gh. (2009) "Kant's human-centered scientism and its effects on his moral and religious theory", Journal of Philosophical Knowledge, 5(3): 145-274. (in Persian)
- Golestani, M. (2011) A new account of Robert Adams' theory of the divine order, Master Thesis, Zanjan University, Faculty of Literature and Humanities. (in Persian)
- Hali, H. Y. (1991) The Approach of Truth and Disclosure of Bonesty, Qom: Dar al-Hijra Publications. (in Persian)
- Hamidi, S (2012) "A Critique of Divine Command Theory", Quarterly Journal of Jostar, 1(1&2): 38-47. (in Persian)
- Malek Makan, H (2013). "Ethics from the point of view of Ash'arites and Mu'tazilites", Two Quarterly Journals of Revelatory Ethics, 2(2): 63-94. (in Persian)
- Mesbah Y., Mohammad T. (2013) Philosophy of Ethics, Research and Writing Ahmad Hossein Sharifi, Tehran: International Publishing Company, 6th (in Persian)
- Motahari, M. (1998) Divine Justice, Tehran: Sadra Publications, 11th (in Persian)
- Mousavi, S. M. (2010) Report; Analysis and Critique of Adams Theory of Divine Command, PhD Thesis, Qom University, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies. (in Persian)
- Mousavi, S. M. (2008) "Theory of Divine Command", Quarterly Journal of Naqd va Nazar, Twelfth Year, 1(2): 77-115. (in Persian)
- Quinn, P. L. (2005) "Divine command theories of ethics" in Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd, Vol. 3, ed, Donald M. Borchert, Thomson/Gale.
- Sadeghi, H.; Mirzaei, M. R. (2017) "Historical Study of the Theory of the Divine Command and God's Plans in the Philosophy of Western Ethics", Quarterly Journal of Ethics, 1(1): 25-56. (in Persian)
- Sagi, A.; Statman, D. (1995) Religion and Morality, Rodapi, Atsnta.
- Sobhani, J. (1998) The Good and the Ugly of Rational (Foundations of Eternal Ethics), by Ali Rabbani, Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 3rd Edition. (in Persian)
- Shafaq, N. (1391) "The Theory of Divine Command Modified by Robert Adams", Quarterly Journal of Moral Knowledge, 3(4): 5-24. (in Persian)
- Sharifi, A. H. (2015) Critique and Study of Ethical Schools, Tehran: Publications of Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, Fifth Edition. (in Persian)
- Vafapour, H.; Mohammad Rezaei, M. (2019) "Dependence of Ethics on Religion from Adams and Tabatabaei' Viewpoint", Qabasat Quarterly, 23(90): 63-97. (in Persian)
- Wainwright, W. J. (2005) Religion and Morality, USA: kindle edition.
)
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله