Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای فلسفه علم و فناوری، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه فلسفۀ علم و فناوری، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

بنا بر عقیدۀ رایج، یکی از محورهای اصلی نظریۀ تکامل لامارک، وراثت ویژگی‌های اکتسابی است و شواهد نقضی علیه آن وجود دارد که موجب ابطال آن است. مقالۀ حاضر توضیح می‌دهد که برخلاف تصور رایج، وراثت ویژگی‌های اکتسابی فقط مختص لامارک نیست، بلکه یکی از شباهت‌های نظری لامارک و داروین است و به‌نظر می‌رسد که شواهد نقض ارائه شده قابل رفع است. این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که تفاوت‌های مهم دیدگاهِ این دو بنیان‌گذارِ نظریۀ تکامل در دعاویِ آن‌ها در‌خصوص سرعت تکامل و اتخاذ رویکرد فردی یا جمعیتی به تکامل و هدف‌مندی یا تصادفی بودن آن است. تحلیل حاضر با تکیه بر این شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌ها توضیح می‌دهد که نه‌تنها شبه‌علمی بودن نظریه‌های تکاملی لامارکی پذیرفتنی نیست، بلکه حفظ چارچوب تبیینی لامارکی برای فهم دقیق‌تر فرایند تکامل ضروری است و به‌نوعی می‌تواند تکمیل‌کنندۀ روایت داروینی و نئوداروینی از تکامل باشد و بهره‌گیری از این دو سیستم نظری به‌عنوان مکمل، قدرت تبیینی نظریه‌های تکاملی را بالاتر خواهد برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Evolutionary Process in Lamarckism and Darwinism: similarities and differences

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayyed Mojtaba Hosseini 1
  • Alireza Mansouri 2

1 PhD of Philosophy of Science and Technology, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Philosophy of Science and Technology, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

It is a widely held view that the inheritance of acquired characteristics plays an important role in Lamarck's ideas about evolution, and there are some counter-instances against it. As a result, his theory is called into question. This article explains that contrary to this view, the inheritance of acquired characteristics is a common ground between Lamarck and Darwin. And the contradictions could probably be resolved, as we shall see. The study shows that the main differences between the views of the two founders of evolutionary theory lie in their claims about the speed of evolution and the adoption of an individual or population approach to evolution and its purposiveness or randomness. In this commentary, we use these similarities and differences to discuss how not only is the quasi-scientific nature of Lamarck's theories unacceptable, but that maintaining Lamarck's explanatory framework is essential for a more accurate understanding of the evolutionary process. And it can in some ways complement the Darwinian and neo-Darwinian views of evolution. Therefore, using these two theoretical systems as complements will increase the explanatory power of evolutionary theories

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lamarckism
  • Darwinism
  • Neo-Darwinism
  • Neo-Lamarckism
  • philosophy of evolution
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