Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه رازی، ایران

چکیده

کانت در نظریه‏ معرفتش، روشی انحصاری برای حصول«علم» ارائه می‏کند: «علم = اطلاق مقولات بر داده‏ های شهود حسی». محصول اطلاق مقولات بر داده ‏های شهود حسی، قضایای تألیفی پیشینی است؛ قضایایی که ملاک انحصاری کانت در تشخیص علم ‏اند. کانت مدعی است: فقط و فقط علومِ واجد قضایای تألیفی پیشینی، که الزاماً واجد «داده‏ های شهود حسی» هستند، علم ‏اند و قضایایی که فاقد «داده ‏های شهود حسی» باشند، علم ‏نمایی بیش نیستند. او با همین استدلال «مابعدالطبیعه» را از جَرگه‏ علم بیرون راند. بر این اساس تلاش این مقاله بر آن است تا خودِ نظریه‏ معرفت کانت را با این ملاک بسنجد که آیا واجد قضایای تألیفی پیشینی هست یا نه؟ به عبارت دقیق‏تر: آیا قضایایی که کانت از طریق آنها نظریه‏ معرفت خود را تبیین نموده، واجدِ «داده‏ های شهود حسی» هستند یا نه؟ اگر واجد این داده‏ها باشند، علم‏ اند وگرنه، نه. بررسی‏های صورت گرفته در این مقاله، که بر قضایای مهم و کلیدی کانت در «حسیات استعلایی» و «تحلیل استعلایی» متمرکز است، نشان می‏دهد: این قضایا که مُعَرّف و مُبَیّن اساس نظریه‏ معرفت کانت می‏باشند، فاقد «داده ‏های شهود حسی­ اند» و علم نیستند. بنابراین: «نظریه‏ معرفت کانت» قادر به اخذ اعتبارنامه‏ مورد نظر خودش نمی‏ باشد و وفق نظر خودِ کانت یک علم معتبر نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Kant's Theory of Knowledge and its Inherent Contradiction: examining the Kant's theory of knowledge based on Kant's own criterion in formation of knowledge

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Aslani

Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies Department, Razi University, Iran

چکیده [English]

In his theory of knowledge, Kant presents an exclusive method for obtaining science by applying categories to the data of sensory intuition. "A priori synthetic propositions" are those the only the product of the application of categories to the data of sensory intuition, Propositions that are Kant's exclusive criterion in diagnosing science. Kant claims that only the sciences that have a priori synthetic propositions, which necessarily have sensory intuition data are science, and propositions that do not have sensual intuition data are nothing more than fake science. With the same reasoning, he pushed metaphysics out of science. Accordingly, the attempt of this paper is to measure Kant's theory of knowledge with his own criterion of knowledge. We want to know whether it has a priori synthetic propositions or not. To be more precise, do the propositions through which Kant explained his theory of knowledge, contain sensory intuition data or not? If they have these data, they are science, otherwise, they are not. The investigations carried out in this article, which focuses on Kant's important and key propositions in transcendental aesthetic and Transcendental analytic, show that these propositions, which define and explain the basis of Kant's theory of knowledge, lack sensory intuition data and are not science. Eventually, Kant's "theory of knowledge" is not able to obtain the accreditation it wants and according to Kant's own theory of knowledge, it is not a valid science.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kant
  • theory of knowledge
  • empirical concepts
  • a priori concepts
  • contradiction
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