Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه ادیان و عرفان، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران

چکیده

آلفرد نورث وایتهد (1861-1947) بر این باور است که در هر نظام فلسفی یک امر غایی وجود دارد که اساس آن به شمار می­آید. در فلسفۀ ارگانیسم او، که اصالت را به صیرورت و پویش می­دهد، این امر غایی عبارت است از خلاقیت. اما وقتی در این زمینه به سراغ آثارش می­رویم درمی­یابیم که به رغم اهمیت این موضوع، او مقصود خویش را به روشنی بیان نکرده است. نوشتار حاضر با نظر به اهمیت این موضوع، تلاشی است در جهت: یکم، توصیف و تحلیل خلاقیت به مثابه اصل غایی و روشن ساختن عمده مشخصه­های آن. دوم، نقد تفسیرهای کثرت­گرایانه و وحدت­گرایانه از خلاقیت و ارائۀ تفسیری دیگر از خلاقیت که مبتنی بر وحدت در عین کثرت باشد. سوم، بررسی رابطۀ خلاقیت با خدا در آثار وایتهد و نشان دادن اینکه قرائت وایتهد از وجود خدا در چهارچوب نظام پویشی­اش (به خصوص در پویش و واقعیت)، ایجاب می­کند خدا و خلاقیت متمایز از هم باشند اما در عین حال به هم وابسته. چهارم، استخراج پاره­ای از پیامدهای مهم الهیاتی خلاقیت به مثابه امر غایی و نقد دیدگاه وایتهد بر اساس تمایز بین خلاقیت جهان­شناسانه و خلاقیت هستی­شناسانه که حاکی از این است که خلاقیت مورد نظر وایتهد عمدتاً از سنخ خلاقیت جهان­شناسانه ­است و قابلیت تبیین آن در محدودۀ طبیعت می­گنجد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis and Assessment of Creativity as an Ultimate in Whitehead’s Philosophy

نویسنده [English]

  • Rostam Shamohammadi

Assistant Professor of Religions and Mysticism Department, Semnan University, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Alfred North Whitehead believes that in all philosophical systems there is an ultimate which is their foundation. In his philosophy of organism which becoming and process have primacy, “this ultimate is termed creativity”. But when we search for this subject in his works, we see in spite of its important, he did not explain his intention clearly and in detail. By considering importance of this subject, present paper tries to first, describe and analyze creativity as an ultimate and clarify its characteristics. Second, criticize pluralistic and monistic interpretations of creativity and it was provided another interpretation which based on unity in plurality. Third, to consider relation between God and creativity in Whitehead’s works, especially in Process and reality, to show that Whitehead’s reading of God in framework of his Philosophy demands that although Creativity is distinct from God, they are interconnected. Fourth, it was revealed some implications and consequents of distinction between God and creativity and then on the basis of distinction between cosmological Creativity and ontological creativity was shown that Whiteheadian creativity is mainly cosmological which can only work as explanation of becoming and process of nature not of ontological origin of actual entities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • creativity
  • ultimate
  • Whitehead’s Philosophy
  • God
  • the world
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