Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، ایران

3 استادیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، ایران

چکیده

رتوریک که در ادبیات فلسفی ما به خطابه برگردانده شده است، به‌عنوان یکی از صناعات خمس که اقناعی اما غیریقینی است شناخته می‌شود و فلسفه‌ورزان آن را به‌عنوان صناعتی غیرفلسفی و غیرمعتبر کنار نهاده‌اند. در چنین خوانشی این فن ارزش فلسفی ندارد و هدف خطیبان فریفتن مخاطبان و جلب نظر آنان است؛ پس گفتار یقینی باید خطابه‌زدایی شود؛ اما مطالعه فیلسوفان آغازین و به‌ویژه ارسطو نشان می‌دهد که رتوریک نه یکی از شاخه‌های منطق غیریقینی که خدمت‌گذار سیاست و از فنون متمم حکمت عملی است و چون حکمت عملی از شاخه‌های فلسفه است با فلسفه نیز مرتبط می‌شود. افلاطون رتوریک را بر ضد سیاست جامعه می‌دانست. ارسطو نیز ابتدا تحت تأثیر افلاطون، به خطابۀ فراگیر در زمان خود که بر نوع قضایی تکیه دارد و روش آن سوفسطایی است انتقاد می‌کند، و سپس تلاش می‌کند با توجه به ضرورت رتوریک در جوامع سیاسی، رتوریک مطلوب را برای به سعادت رسیدن جامعه آموزش دهد. او با استفاده از قیاس خطابی نسبت رتوریک با مقدمات یقینی را تنظیم کرده و با تاکید بر خطابۀ شورایی بر حیثیت سیاسی آن صحه می‌گذارد. در این پژوهش تلاش شده تا با مطالعۀ آثار ارسطو این ادعا در اندیشه او پیگیری و دلالت‌های سیاسی رتوریک روشن گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Rhetoric and Its Relationship with Politics in Aristotle's Thought

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Raygani 1
  • Ali F ath Taheri 2
  • Alinaqi Baghershahi 2
  • Meysam Sefidkhosh 3

1 Ph.D. Candidate of Philosophy, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Philosophy Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Philosophy Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran

چکیده [English]

Rhetoric, being among five arts of logic (i.e., Sana’at Khams), is a persuasive yet uncertain art. However, philosophers consider it as a non-philosophical and invalid art. In such a view, this art has no philosophical value and its users seek to deceive and influence the audience in order to attract their attention, so logical speech must be de-rhetorical. The study of early philosophers, especially Aristotle, shows that rhetoric is not one of the branches of uncertain logic, but it is a political tool and is a complementary art in practical philosophy, and because practical philosophy is one of the branches of philosophy, it is also related to philosophy. Plato considered rhetoric to be against the politics of society. Aristotle, ‌also under the influence of Plato, first criticized the common discourse of his time, which relied on the Forensic type and sophistic method. Then, he tries to teach a desirable version of rhetoric for the prosperity of society, considering the necessity of rhetoric in political societies. Aristotle uses enthymeme to relate rhetoric to premises and to highlight its political nature by emphasizing the deliberative rhetoric. This study aims to investigate this proposition in Aristotle’s thoughts, and clarify the political implications of rhetoric.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rhetoric
  • Aristotle
  • Politics
  • Logic
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