Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.

2 استاد گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه حکمت و کلام، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

انسان­شناسی در شاخۀ نوپای روانشناسی، ذیل عنوان «نظریه­های شخصیت» توانسته ­است در عرصۀ مطالعات رفتاری و ارتباط متقابل افراد کارآمد باشد. ضرورت تبیین و تحلیل ماهیت حقیقی انسان در حوزۀ «بود» - برخلاف نظریه­های شخصیت روانشناختی که عموماً به شناسایی ماهیت انسان در حوزۀ «نمود» می­پردازند- موجب شد این مقاله بر اساس آراء انسان­شناسانۀ صدرا و با نگاهی به نظریۀ صفات آلپورت که خود یکی از پیشتازان رویکرد صفات است، با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی سامان ­یابد. رویکرد فردنگرانۀ مبتنی بر صفات، شاخصۀ اصلی نظریۀ شخصیت آلپورت و ملاصدرا ست؛ بنیاد شخصیت در هر دو نظریه بر عمیق­ترین ویژگی­های فرد نهاده شده­است که این ویژگی­ها در نگاه آلپورت به صفات بنیادی، مرکزی و پیرامونی- بدون بیان چرایی پیدایش آنها و رشد شخصیت بر اساس این صفات- تقسیم می­شوند؛ حال آن که در تحلیلِ متون فلسفیِ ملاصدرا، کیفیت پیدایشِ این صفات و چراییِ تأثیر آنها در ساختار شخصیت و به تبع آن رفتار آدمی تبیین شده است. «خود» یا نفس نیز برخلاف مفهوم انتزاعیِ آن در نگرش آلپورت، در نظام صدرایی امری حقیقی و وجودی است. به طوریکه پویایی و وحدت شخصیت آلپورتی به واسطۀ قاعدۀ «اتحاد عالم و معلوم» و «حرکت جوهری ارادی» قابل تبیین و توجیه عقلانی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Rereading Mulla Sadra's Personality Theory from the Perspective of Allport's Trait Personality Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Ahmadi 1
  • Sahar Kavandi 2
  • Mohsen Jahed 3
  • Javad Salehi 4

1 Ph.D. of Philosophy and Theology, University of Zanjan, Iran.

2 Professor of Islamic Philosophy and Theology Department, University of Zanjan, Iran.

3 Associate Professor of Philosophy and Theology Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran.

4 Associate Professor of Psychology Department, University of Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Anthropology in psychology under the title of "personality theories" has been able to be effective in the field of behavioral studies and interpersonal relationships. The need to explain and analyze the true nature of man in the field of "being" - contrary to psychological personality theories that generally identify human nature in the field of "appearance" - caused this article based on Sadra's anthropological opinions and view According to Allport's trait theory, which is one of the pioneers of the trait approach, it should be organized by descriptive-analytical method. The individualistic approach based on traits is the main feature of Allport's and Mulla Sadra's personality theory. The foundation of personality in both theories is based on the most profound characteristics of person; However, in the analysis of Mulla Sadra's philosophical texts, the quality of the appearance of these traits and why they influence the structure of personality and, accordingly, human behavior, have been explained. "Self" or ego, contrary to its abstract concept in Alport's view, is a real and existential thing in Sadrai's system. The dynamism and unity of Alporti's personality can be rationally explained by the rule of "unity of the known and the known" and "intrinsic volitional movement".

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Character
  • Mullasadra
  • Alport
  • Attributes
  • Properties
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