Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران

چکیده

مسئله ماهیت دولت از جمله مهم‌ترین مسائل فلسفه سیاسی است و هر تفسیری از ماهیت دولت در نوع خود، تفسیری از غایات حکومت و بهترین شکل دولت است؛ از این‌رو، ضرورت اطاعت از دولت، مشروعیت سیاسی و آزادی را به دنبال خواهد داشت. تحقیق حاضر که از حیث محتوا بنیادی نظری است، با چارچوب نظری دموکراسی رادیکال موفه با تمرکز بر یکی از چهره‌های برجسته فلسفه سیاسی و حقوق عمومی در قرن بیستم، تلاش نموده تا به این سوال اصلی پاسخ دهد که حکومت مطلوب در الهیات سیاسی کارل اشمیت، چه نوع حکومتی و واجد چه ماهیتی است. حاصل این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که فهم وتفسیر ماهیت دولت و همچنین حکومت مطلوب در فلسفه سیاسی و الهیات سیاسی اشمیت، در پرتو فهم مفاهیم بنیادی در اندیشه او می‌باشد؛ یعنی الهیات سیاسی، امر سیاسی، قاعده دوست/ دشمن/ دیکتاتوری مستقل، حاکمیت، مفهوم استثنا در نقد نظام پارلمانی لیبرال اروپایی، انسان‌شناسی منفی، انطباق شهروندی با ملیت سیاسی، نقد مفهوم اکثریت در دموکراسی لیبرال است. همچنین مشخص می‌شود که حکومت مطلوب اشمیت، با نوع دموکراسی رادیکال هویت‌گرا قابل انطباق می‌باشد. از این رو اهمیت این تحقیق، به نقد روزافزونِ دموکراسی لیبرال و ظهور دولت‌های دموکراتیک رادیکال، خاصه در آمریکای لاتین بازمی‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Ideal Political System in Carl Schmitt’s Political Philosophy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Sadeghi AhangarKelaie 1
  • Saeed Eslami 2
  • Behrouz DeilamSalehi 3

1 Ph.D. Candidate of Political Science, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Political Science Department, Chalous branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Political Science Department, Chalous branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The issue of the nature of the state is one of the most important issues in political philosophy, and any interpretation of it will follow an interpretation of government ends, ideal government, and the necessity to obey the government, political legitimacy and freedom in its own way. The present study, which is theoretical in terms of its fundamental content, applies the theoretical framework of Mouffe's radical democracy, and focuses on one of the prominent figures of the political philosophy of public law in the 20th century, and finally attempted to answer the main question of what is the ideal government the type and the nature of it in the political theology of Karl Schmitt? The results illustrate that the understanding and interpretation of the nature of the state as well as the desired government in Schmitt's political philosophy and political theology in the light of understanding the fundamental concepts in his thought such as political theology is political matter, rule friend/enemy/independent dictatorship, sovereignty, the concept of exception in criticism of European liberal parliamentary system, negative anthropology, adaptation of citizenship to political nationality, criticism of the concept of majority in liberal democracy. The results also state that Schmidt's ideal government is compatible with the identity-oriented type of radical democracy. The significance of the study dates back to the growing criticism of liberal democracy and the emergence of radical democratic governments, especially in Latin America.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ideal political system
  • government
  • sovereignty
  • exception
  • the political
  • political theology
  • radical democracy
  • Carl Schmitt
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