Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکترای اندیشۀ سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مفاهیم بنیادین فلسفه که تاریخی به درازای تاریخ فلسفه دارد مفهوم جوهر است. اگرچه این مفهوم در طی قرون متمادی دستخوش تحولات ژرفی شد و لایه‌های مختلفی به خود گرفت، به دلیل پیوند وثیقش با عقل عرفی هرگز اهمیت و معنای خود را از دست نداد. از آنجا که موطن مفهوم جوهر یونان باستان و فلسفۀ یونانی است، جستار حاضر بر آن است که نخست تاریخ تحلیلی تکوین این مفهوم در یونان باستان را روایت کند؛ سپس سیر تطور آن را در دل قرون‌وسطای مسیحی و اسلامی پی بگیرد؛ و نهایتاً بقایای آن را در فلسفۀ مدرن مورد بررسی قرار دهد. باری هدف این جستار صرفاً روایتی تاریخ فلسفه‌ای نیست، بلکه هدف ثانویۀ آن قرار دادن مفهوم جوهر ذیل پرتوی انتقادی و روایت نقدهای بنیادین وارد به این مفهوم است. از این رو به مهم‌ترین نقدهای این مفهوم، که عمدتاً توسط فیلسوفان انگلیسی وارد شدند، نیز خواهیم پرداخت و نتیجه خواهیم گرفت که این مفهوم برای اینکه حضوری مشروع در فلسفه داشته باشد باید به بازصورت‌بندی‌ای بنیادین تن بدهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Genesis and Development of the Concept of Substance in Philosophy; from Plato to Hume

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyyed Masoud Azarfam

PhD in Political Thought, University of Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Substance is one of the fundamental concepts in the history of philosophy that has a history as long as the history of philosophy itself. Although this concept has underwent profound developments and assumed different layers during the centuries, because of its firm linkage with common-sense, never lost its significance. Since the birthplace of the concept of substance is ancient Greece and Greek philosophy, this essay intends to narrate an analytical history of the genesis of the concept in ancient Greece; then to trace its course of development in Christian and Islamic middle age; and finally, to investigate its remnants in modern philosophy. The purpose of this essay, however, is not merely a philosophy-historical narrative, but its secondary purpose is to place the concept of substance under a critical light and to report its fundamental critiques. Hence, we will consider the most important critiques, mostly proposed by Anglo-Saxon philosophers, and will conclude that this concept in order to have a legitimate presence in philosophy, must submit a fundamental reformulation. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Substance
  • Substantial Movement
  • Substantialism
  • Accident
  • Metaphysics
  • Categories
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