Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه کردستان، ایران

چکیده

کانون بحث هرمنوتیک فلسفیِ گادامر مسئله فهم و به‌نحو دقیق‌تر، نحوۀ رخدادِ فهم در مواجهۀ ما با جهان همچون یک «متن» است. گادامر درصدد پدیدارشناسیِ فهم، بیان شرایطِ امکانِ فهم و چگونگیِ رخ‌ دادنِ آن است. ادعای تحریک‌برانگیز او این است که «هرگونه» مواجهۀ ما با جهان، که از آن به فهم (یا تفسیر) تعبیر می‌کنیم، با وساطت زبان انجام می‌شود. فرایند تفسیر همانا فهمِ زبانیِ ما از جهان است. جهانشمولیِ این درک زبانی از جهان تا آنجاست که حتی در مواقعی که به‌ظاهر زبان «تعلیق» می‌شود، باز برای بحث از این نارسایی ناچاریم که به خود زبان پناه ببریم. این یکی از ابعاد «رازآلودِ» زبانمندی آدمی است. بُعد دیگر به این واقعیت بازمی‌گردد که زبان همانند جهان هیچ‌گاه به‌طور کامل تن به «عینیت‌بخشی» نمی‌دهد و به‌مث5ابه یک کلِ یکپارچه به آگاهی ما داده نمی‌شود، چراکه خودش شرط هرگونه آگاهی و فهم است. پرسش‌هایی که محور بحث این نوشتار را تشکیل می‌دهند، بدین قرار  است: آیا گادامر با تأکید بر درهم‌تنیدگیِ زبان و فهم (زبانمندی فهم)، صرفاً می‌کوشد همان ادعای دیرینه در باب نسبت زبان و تفکر را به ما یادآوری کند، یا ادعایِ بنیادی‌تری در ذهن دارد؟ آیا او با تمرکز بر زبانمندی ذاتیِ فهم آدمی می‌خواهد ناکرانمندی مرزهای زبان را به ما گوشزد ‌کند یا بر مرزها و محدودیت‌های آن تأکید دارد؟ نهایتاً اینکه این ناسازگاری ظاهری در عبارات گادامر را چگونه می‌توان حل کرد که یک‌بار فهمِ زبانی و ویژگی زبانمندی را به خود انسان هنگام مواجهه با جهان نسبت می‌دهد و یک‌بار به‌شیوۀ پدیدارشناختی، زبان را «زبانِ خود چیزها» می‌داند؟ ما در طی این نوشتار، ضمن روشن‌نمودنِ دلالت زبان و فهم و نسبت آنها با هم نزد گادامر، کوشیده‌ایم به پرسش‌های مذکور به‌نحو ضمنی پاسخ دهیم با تأکید بر اینکه مقصود گادامر از زبانمندی به صرف به قالب کلمات درآوردنِ (به ‌بیان‌درآوردن) تجربه‌ها محدود نمی‌شود، بلکه این امر تنها نمود بیرونی و انضمامیِ بُعد زبانمندیِ فهم ما را شامل می‌شود.     

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Linguisticality is not Merely Expressing the Experiences; the relationship between language and understanding according to Gadamer

نویسنده [English]

  • Abdollah Amini

Assistant Professor of Educational Sciences Department, University of Kurdistan. Iran

چکیده [English]

The focus of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics is the issue of understanding, and more precisely, the way understanding occurs in our encounter with the world as a "text". Gadamer tries to phenomenologizing the understanding, to express the conditions of the possibility of understanding and how it occurs. His provocative claim is that "any" encounter with the world, is mediated by language. The process of interpretation is the same our linguistic understanding of the world. The universality of this linguistic understanding of the world is to the extent that, even when language seems to be "suspended", we still have to take refuge in language itself to discuss this inadequacy. This is one of the "mysterious" aspects of human linguisticality. Another aspect comes back to the fact that language, like the world, never fully acquiesce to "objectification" and is not given to our consciousness as a unified whole, because language is preceding any understanding. The main questions of this article are as follows: By emphasizing the interconnectedness of language and understanding, Gadamer simply is trying to remind us the same long-standing claim about the relationship between language and thinking, or does he have a more fundamental claim? Does he, by focusing on the linguistic nature of human understanding, want to show us the limitlessness of the boundaries of language, or emphasize on its limitations? In this article, while clarifying the meaning of language and understanding and their relationship in Gadamer's thought, we have tried to answer the mentioned questions implicitly by emphasizing that the significance of language in Gadamer's hermeneutics is not simply limited to putting experiences into words, but this is the mere external and concrete manifestation of the linguisticality of our understanding.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Language
  • Understanding
  • Linguisticality of understanding
  • Interpretation
  • Philosophical hermeneutics
  • Gadamer
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