Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، ایران.

چکیده

هرچند ارسطو نخستین فیلسوفی است که حکمت نظری و حکمت عملی را از یکدیگر تفکیک می‌کند، اما قبل از او افلاطون نیز به جدایی یا عدم جدایی نظر و عمل توجه کرده است. در نظر افلاطون «فضیلت معرفت است»؛ یعنی خودشناسی عین فضیلت و آرتۀ آدمی است. بنابراین می‌توان گفت نظر و عمل در فلسفۀ افلاطون از یکدیگر جدا نیستند. در عین‌حال افلاطون معتقد است اگر بخواهیم به اراده و قصد فضیلت‌مند شویم باید به فلسفه متوسل شویم؛ یعنی فلسفه به منزلۀ فعل و عمل برای تأمین نظر و غرض معین لحاظ می‌شود. لذا می‌توان گفت افلاطون جدایی نظر از عمل را طرح کرده است. اکنون با توجه به این مقدمه مسئلۀ مهمی پیش می‌آید: آیا در فلسفۀ افلاطون نظر و عمل از یکدیگر جدا هستند؟ این نوشتار درصدد است از منظر مارتین هیدگر و هانس گئورک گادامر پرسش فوق را بررسی کند. در حالی که هیدگر معتقد است افلاطون با طرح جدایی نظر از عمل و همچنین تقدم نظر بر عمل زمینۀ شکل‌گیری مابعدالطبیعه و در نتیجه زمینۀ فراموشی وجود را فراهم کرده است، گادامر معتقد است در فلسفۀ افلاطون نظر و عمل از یکدیگر جدا نیستند. در نظر گادامر بسیاری از آموزه‌های افلاطون از قبیل آموزۀ ایده‌ها، دولت آرمانی و ... از دل ملاحظات عملی او نشأت گرفته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship between Theoria and Praxis in Plato's Philosophy from the Viewpoint of Heidegger and Gadamer

نویسنده [English]

  • Kazem Hani

Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Philosophy, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Iran

چکیده [English]

Although Aristotle is the first philosopher who separates theoretical and practical wisdom from each other, but before Aristotle, Plato also paid attention to the separation or non - separation of theoria and praxis. According to Plato, the virtue is knowledge; That is, self - knowledge is the same virtue and arete of a person. Therefore, in Plato's philosophy, it can be said that theoria and praxis are not separate from each other. At the same time, Plato believes that if we want to become virtuous by will and intention, we must resort to philosophy; That is, philosophy is considered as praxis to provide a certain theoria and purpose. Therefore, it can be said that Plato proposed the separation of theoria from praxis. Now, according to this introduction, important issue arises: Are theoria and praxis separate from each other in Plato's philosophy? This article tries to examine the above question from the viewpoint of Martin Heidegger and Hans - Georg Gadamer. While Heidegger believes that Plato by proposing the separation of theoria from praxis and also the precedence of theoria over praxis, has provided the ground for the formation of metaphysics and as a result the forgetting of Being, Gadamer believes that in Plato's philosophy, theoria and praxis are not separate from each other. In Gadamer's view, many of Plato's doctrines such as the doctrine of ideas, the ideal state, etc., have derived from his practical considerations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plato
  • Heidegger
  • Gadamer
  • theoria
  • praxis
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