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Journal of Philosophical Investigations

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Plato Seeking for “One Real Explanation” in Phaedo

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو

2 دانشیار دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

What this essay is to discuss is Plato''s theory of explanation in Phaedo. In this dialogue, we observe that Socrates criticizes both the natural scientists’ explanations and Anaxagoras’ theory of Mind since he thinks they could not explain all things, firstly, in a unitary and, secondary, in a real way. Thence, we are to call what Plato is seeking as his ideal explanation in Phaedo “One Real Explanation”. He talks at least about three kinds of explanation, two of which, the confused and foolish way of explanation by Forms and the explanation by Forms appealing to essence, are just "second best" and lower degrees of explanation. His ideal explanation is an explanation that can explain all things by one thing and in a real way. Though he cannot show, at least in Phaedo, how this One Real Explanation can work, we can see Plato completing his plan by the Form of the Good in Republic.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Plato Seeking for “One Real Explanation” in Phaedo

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Bagher Ghomi 1
  • Mahdi Ghavam Safary 2

چکیده [English]

What this essay is to discuss is Plato''s theory of explanation in Phaedo. In this dialogue, we observe that Socrates criticizes both the natural scientists’ explanations and Anaxagoras’ theory of Mind since he thinks they could not explain all things, firstly, in a unitary and, secondary, in a real way. Thence, we are to call what Plato is seeking as his ideal explanation in Phaedo “One Real Explanation”. He talks at least about three kinds of explanation, two of which, the confused and foolish way of explanation by Forms and the explanation by Forms appealing to essence, are just "second best" and lower degrees of explanation. His ideal explanation is an explanation that can explain all things by one thing and in a real way. Though he cannot show, at least in Phaedo, how this One Real Explanation can work, we can see Plato completing his plan by the Form of the Good in Republic.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plato
  • explanation
  • cause
  • good
  • Form
مراجع
-    Annas, Julia, 1995, Aristotle on Inefficient Causes, in: Irwin, Terence (ed.), Classical Philosophy: Aristotle: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Natural Philosophy, Taylor and Francis, pp. 11-26
-    Ashbaugh, Anne Freire, 1988, Plato’s theory of explanation: A study of the cosmological account in the Timaeus, SUNNY Press
-    Bluck, R.S., 2014, Plato’s Phaedo, Routledge
-    Bostock, D., 1986, Plato’s Phaedo, New York, USA: Oxford University Press
-    Cooper, J. M., & Hutchinson, D.S., 1997, Plato Complete Works, Hacket Publishing
-    Fine, Gail, 1999, Plato: Metaphysics and Epistemology, Oxford University Press
-    Hackforth, R., 1955, Plato’s Phaedo, Cambridge University Press
-    Hampton, Cynthia, 1998, Pleasure, Truth and Being in Plato’s Philebus: A Reply to Professor Frede, in: Smith, Nicholas D. (ed.), PLATO: Critical Assessment, Vollume IV, Routledge, pp.236-247
-    Herrmann, Fritz-Gregor, 2007, The Idea of the Good and the Other Forms in Plato’s Republic, in: Grains, Douglas, Herrmann, Fritz-Gregor and Penner, Terry (eds.), Pursuing the Good: Ethics and Metaphysics in Plato’s Republic, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 202-230
-    Politis, Vasilis, 2010, Explanation and Essence in Plato’s Phaedo, In: Charles David, Definition in Greek Philosophy, Oxford University Press, pp. 62-114
-    Ruben, David-Hillel, 2004, Explaining Explanation, Routledge
-    Santas, Gerasimos, 1983, The Form of the Good in Plato’s Republic, in: Anton, Jhon P., Preus, Anthony (eds.), Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy, Volume 2, State University of New York Press, pp. 232-263
-    Seel, Gerhard, 2007, Is Plato’s Conception of the Form of the Good Contradictory? In: Grains, Douglas, Herrmann, Fritz-Gregor and Penner, Terry (eds.), Pursuing the Good: Ethics and Metaphysics in Plato’s Republic, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 168-196
-    Taylor, C. C. W., 1998, Forms as Causes in the Phaedo, In: Smith Nicholas D., Plato: Critical Assessment,Routledge, pp. 3-15
-    Vlastos, G., 1971, Plato: a collection of critical essays. Volume1, Anchor Books
-    White, David A., 1989, Myth and Metaphysics in Plato’s Phaedo, Associate University Presses
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