Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان. ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان. ایران.

چکیده

در این مقاله نقش بنیادین کران‌مندی در کارهای هایدگر و فوکو بررسی می‌شود. استدلال می‌شود که کران‌مندی، فهم هایدگر از هستی و تاریخ هستی و نیز فهم فوکو از مدرنیته و سپس کل تاریخ اندیشه غربی را امکان‌پذیر می‌کند. گام‌هایی که در این مسیر برداشته می‌شود ازاین‌قرار است: نقش بنیادین تناهی در فهم هایدگر از هستی تحلیل می‌شود؛ تحلیل تناهی در کارهای دوره اولیه فکری فوکو یعنی نظم اشیاء و زایش پزشکی بالینی بررسی می‌شود؛ تفسیر فوکو از صورت‌بندی تناهی در فلسفه هایدگر توضیح داده می‌شود؛ نقش نیستی جزئی و نیستی نسبی در مقابل نیستی مطلق در فهم دو فیلسوف از کران‌مندی انسان تبیین می‌شود؛ مفصلاً شرح داده می‌شود که چگونه فردیت‌یافتگی، ایستادگی، حقیقت و تاریخ‌مندی سوژه بر پایه کران‌مندی و مرگ امکان‌پذیر می‌شود؛ درنهایت، چگونگی تلاقی فوکو با هایدگر در گذار از فهم شناخت‌شناسانه تناهی و رسیدن به فهم عملی از تناهی خود و ترسیم تاریخ هستی تحلیل می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The ontology of Finitude in Heidegger and Foucault’s Philosophy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jamal Ghoreyshi Khorasgani 1
  • Ali Karbasizadeh Isfahani 2
  • Yousef Shaghool 3

1 phd Candidate of philosophy, University of Isfahan, Isfahan. Iran.

2 Associate Professor of philosophy, University of Isfahan. Isfahan. Iran.

3 Associate Professor of philosophy, University of Isfahan. Isfahan. Iran.

چکیده [English]

In this article, we analyze the basic role of finitude in Heidegger and Foucault’s philosophy. We argue that finitude makes possible Heidegger’s concept of being and the history of being as well as Foucault’s concept of the modernity and the entire history of western thinking in later Foucault. To accomplish this objective, we conduct the following: We analyze the basic finitude in Heidegger’s ontology; We explain “analytic of finitude” in early Foucault’s work namely the birth of the clinic and the order of things; We describe Foucault’s interpretation of Heidegger’s formulation of finitude; We specify the place of partial and relative nothingness in Heidegger and Foucault’s approach to human finitude; We explain that individuality, resistance, truth and historicity are possible by finitude in philosophy of them; And finally, we analyze how Foucault meets Heidegger in passing epistemological understanding of finitude and arriving at practical understanding of self-finitude and outlining the history of being.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • being
  • finitude
  • individuality
  • resistance
  • Foucault
  • Heidegger
-   Aristotle (2013) Metaphysics, trans. Sharafoddin Khorasany, Tehran: Hekmat. (in persian)
-   Dreyfus, Hubert & Haugeland, John (1978) “Husserl and Heidegger: Philosophy’s Last Stand”, in Murray, Micheal (1978) Heidegger and Modern Philosophy, London: Yale University Press.
-   Dreyfus, Hubert & Rabinow, Paul (1983) Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, The University of Chicago Press.
-   Dreyfus, H. L. (1996) “Being and power: Heidegger and Foucault”, International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 4(1), 1-16.
-   Dreyfus, H. (2004) Heidegger and Foucault on the subject, agency and practices. Sourced on the internet at, 1(4), 13.
-   Foucault, Michel (1978) The History of Sexuality Volume I an Introduction, Pantheon Books.
-   Foucault, Michel (1983) Discourse and truth: The problematization of parrhesia, Berkeley.
-   Foucault, Michel (1997a) “The Hermeneutic of the Subject”, trans. Robert Hurley, in Foucault, Michel (1997), Essential works of Foucault Vol. 1. Ethics: subjectivity and truth, ed. Paul Rabinow; trans. Robert Hurley and others, New York: The New Press.
-   Foucault, Michel (1997b) “On the Genealogy of Ethics: An Overview of Work in Progress”, in Foucault, Michel (1997), Essential works of Foucault Vol 1. Ethics: subjectivity and truth, ed. Paul Rabinow; trans. Robert Hurley and others, New York: The New Press.
-   Foucault, Michel (1997c), “what is critique”, in Foucault, Michel (1997) The politics of truth, ed. Sylvere Lotringer & Lysa Hochroth, Semibtext(e).
-   Foucault, Michel (1997d), “Technologies of the self”, in Foucault, Michel (1997) Essential works of Foucault vol 1: Ethics: subjectivity and truth, ed. Paul Rabinow; trans. Robert Hurley and others, New York: The New Press.
-   Foucault, Michel (1997e), “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History”, in Foucault, Michel (1997) Essential works of Foucault vol 1: Ethics: subjectivity and truth, ed. Paul Rabinow; trans. Robert Hurley and others, New York: The New Press.
-   Foucault, Michel (2001), “The subject and power”, in Foucault, Michel (2001) Essential works of Foucault vol 3: Power, New York: The New Press.
-   Foucault, Michel (2005), The Order of Things: An archaeology of the human sciences, London: Routledge.
-   Foucault, Michel (2009) Surveil and punish, trans. Nikoo Sarkhosh and Afshin Jahandeede, Tehran: Ney publication. (in persian)
-   Foucault, Michel (2013) The birth of the clinic, trans. Fateme Valiyany, Tehran: Mahi Paublication. (in persian)
-   Guignon, Charles (1983) Heidegger and the problem of knowledge, Hackett Publishing.
-   Heidegger, Martin (1962) Being and Time, trans. John Macquarrie & Edward Robinson, Blackwell Publishers.
-   Heidegger, Martin (1968) What is called thinling, trans. Fred D. Wieck and J. Glenn Gray, Harper & Row Publishers.
-   Heidegger, Martin (1993a) “What is Metaphysics”, in Heidegger, Martin (1993) Basic Writings, ed. David Farrell Krell, HarperCollins Publishers.
-   Heidegger, Martin (1993b) On the essence of truth, in Heidegger, Martin (1993), Basic Writings, edited by David Farrell Krell, Harper Collins Publishers.
-   Inwood, Micheal (1999) A Heidegger dictionary, Blackwell Publishers.
-   Lukner, Andreas (2016) Martin Heidegger: Sein und Zeit, trans. AhmadAli Heydari, Tehran: Elmi Publication. (in persian)
-   Macquarrie, John & Robinson, Edward (1962) “footnotes on Being and Time”, in Heidegger, Martin (1962), Being and Time, translated by John Macquarrie & Edward Robinson, Blackwell Publishers.
-   McQuillan, J. C. (2016) Beyond the Analytic of Finitude: Kant, Heidegger, Foucault. Foucault Studies.
-   Smith. A. D. (2003) Routledge philosophy guidebook to Husserl and the Cartesian Meditations, Routledge.
CAPTCHA Image