نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

• میکاییل جمال پور

استادیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

هرچند مفهوم «حیثیت» برای مخاطبان و پژوهشگران فلسفه اسلامی ناآشنا نیست، اما به نظر می رسد تا کنون ظرفیت این مفهوم چنان که باید و شاید مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. در این مقاله پس از بیان خاستگاه حیثیت، گزارشی جامع از جایگاه و گره­گشایی­های آن در قلمرو منطق و فلسفه اسلامی، به خصوص در حکمت متعالیه، عرضه شده است. همچنین نسبت میان حیثیت با مقید بودن و اعتباریات نیز در حد امکان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای این کار مثال­های فراوانی آورده شده است تا از این حیث ابهامی در کار نباشد. سپس نشان داده شده است که این بحث چه قابلیتی دارد و در عین حال برای آنکه به درستی از قابلیت آن استفاده شود به شروطی بایستی مراعات شود. همچنین در پایان به اختصار این ایده مطرح شده است که توجه به مقوله حیثیت می­تواند میان جزمیت و نسبی­گرایی، راهی میانه و مطلوب بگشاید.

تازه های تحقیق

Introduction

Generally, one of the most distinguished features between contemporary philosophy and the modern one is considered to be "language". Language in contemporary philosophy is regarded not merely as a simple tool, but as an important philosophical category. In this regard, the "philosophy of language analysis" is regarded as one of the most important topics in contemporary philosophy. In continental tradition analysis, language as a hermeneutic analytic subject has a special position. Also in Islamic philosophy, the special importance of "language" in philosophical discourse can be emphasized, which can open some new philosophical perspectives between the component of language and other existing ones. In this regard, the concept of "Mode" can be considered as one of the essential philosophical components.

One of the prominent terms and concepts in Islamic logic and philosophy is the consideration of the concept of 'dignity'. Considering the “Mode” and its existing equivalents as a general term, it seems to be an ordinary and non - key category, while paying full attention to it can be referred as a significant factor in development of scientific debates. Dignity also holds a special place in the fields of ontology, epistemology, and scientific discourse. In this regard, many philosophical topics, as well as the development and expansion of disciplines related to rational sciences deserve special consideration respectively.

The Etymology of Mode

The term ' Mode ' is interpreted literally as ‘credibility’. But in terms of philosophical terminology as well as some other similar propositions, the expression of how to create a relation between the subject and predicate as a description factor which has an objective property is regarded and served as a special predicate in philosophy.

Mode in Islamic Logic

In logical debates, the term "Mode" is divided into two categories including conditional and non-conditional one. In non-conditional form, dignity is categorized into the three components of subject, predicate, and relationship. Accordingly, the dignity component in the rational sciences is regarded as a constraint on the subject. It means that when it comes to the component of controversial dignity, it actually presents a particular constraint on the subject. For instance, when a person is mentioned as a writer, his / her fingers are a moving factor. In this philosophical proposition, man as a subject is bound to be a writer. At the moment, the question arises whether the predicate and the relation can also be bound by the condition or not? The answer is yes. What is totally significant is paying attention to the first state of dignity, and direction that this category pursues in philosophical discourse. Regarding the subject, dignity can also be regarded as a subject and predicate in which subject principle is highlighted. It can be concluded that if a sentence has a semantic meaning, it is related to three above mentioned components in some way.

The Importance and prevalence of Mode in Philosophical Texts

Concerning the importance and impact of dignity in scientific discourse, it has a special place in various subjects and discourses, while its elimination can cause both quantitative and qualitative gaps and dramatic changes in scientific fields. Regarding its importance, Qutb al-Din Razi in his book "Generality" attributes to Aristotle states that "La la al-atarabat al-adifat al-hikmah": If there is no validity, The three will be no wisdom (Razi, 2000: 81). Of course, the phrase attributed to Aristotle has been quoted in other ways as well, which indicates the great importance of the subject “dignity”. However, the concept of dignity has not been studied and researched comprehensively, and there is a huge gap in this regard which deserves a high attention.

 Conclusion

 1. If the component of Mode is ignored or dismissed at the time of the judgment, theorizing will face a major problem, since most of the theories regarding dignity as the subject of debates attributes to various contexts even God Almighty. As a result, dignity has a significant importance in describing various dimensions and subjects including science, life, power, etc.

2. Mode is based on the component of "validity" and "orientation" in which many topics are classified in terms of validity, precedence and latency, as well as quantitative direction. For instance, human beings are white and black, or they have different titles, such as father, brother, child, uncle, student, and so on.

3. The presence of a Mode eliminates the ambiguity of the subject and makes it to be known.

4. The components of Dignity can expand the realm of human’s mind and the universe of subject and object.

5. Mode is one of the main criteria for segmentation in the various sciences. Accordingly, it its different aspects is ignored, it will cause inconsistencies in the various topics. Therefore, one of the key roles of dignity is providing an appropriate opportunity to overcome intellectual crises and resolve inconsistencies in various subjects and topics.

References

-      Bostani, F. A. (1996) Farhang-e- Abjadi (2nd ed.), Tehran: Islamic Publication. (in persian)

-      Haeri Yazdi, M. (2005) Philosophical Searches. Iranian, Tehran: Institute of Wisdom and Philosophy research. (in persian)

-      Razi, Ghotb- al – Din (2008) "Al – Qaliyat". Kheradname-ye sadra. Vol. 19. (in persian)

-      Saeedi Mehr, Mohammad (2013) Sabzevari Pajouhi, Tehran: House Book Publication. (in persian)

کلیدواژه‌ها

• حیث
• جهت
• فلسفه
• منطق
• مغالطه
• قید

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Introduction to the Origins and Capabilities of the Category of "Mode" in Islamic Logic and Philosophy

نویسنده [English]

• Miikaeel Jamalpoor

Assistant Professor, Payam-e Noor University of Iran

چکیده [English]

Although the concept of "mode" is not unknown for audiences and scholars of Islamic philosophy, it seems this concept is not well considered. In this article after considering the origin of mode, a comprehensive description on its position and solutions in the field of Islamic logic and philosophy is supplied, especially in transcendent wisdom. The relationship between prestige and credit is also examined as much as possible. Numerous examples have been provided to avoid ambiguity in this regard. Then the capabilities of this discussion and at the same time, the necessary conditions to utilize it have been showed. It is also summarized at the end of this article that observing the issue of mode can pave the way between dogmatism and relativism.                       

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• mode
• orientation
• philosophy
• logic
• fallacy
• constraint