نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران
چکیده
بحثهایی که امروزه تحت عنوان نظریههای اقتصاد کلاسیک و نظام لیبرال میراثدار آن مطرح میگردد، بیشتر بر نقش انقلاب صنعتی در شکلگیری این نظام تاکید دارد، حال آن که به نظر میرسد؛ برای فهم صحیح اندیشهها و معناشناسی مفاهیمی مانند؛ «دست نامرئی» و «اقتصاد آزاد» که بنیانگذاران این نظام اقتصادی بویژه آدام اسمیت از خود بر جای گذاشتند، باید بر ماهیت سیاسی - حقوقی و حتی اخلاقی نظام مذکور نیز توجه نمود. به همین خاطر این تحقیق سعی دارد با بررسی برخی ویژگیهای بنیادین نظام مشروطه انگلستان عصر اسمیت همچون؛ مفهوم «دولت»، «نفع عمومی»، «آزادی» و سیر تکامل بعدی آنها، به این پرسش که چه عواملی در پدیداری مبانی نظری اقتصاد لیبرال توسط آدام اسمیت و نظریهپردازان بعد از وی نقش مهمی را ایفاء نمودند؟ پاسخ مناسب دهد. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد، مفاهیم کلیدی اقتصاد کلاسیک مورد تأکید آدام اسمیت، در واقع نسخههایی برای رفع آثار سوء اخلاقی - سیاسی بود که نظام مشروطه تازه تاسیس پس از انقلاب به دلیل عدم طرد سنتهای کهن فئودالیسم، ناگزیر بر اقتصاد سیاسی انگلستان تحمیل میکرد. لذا هر چند تأملات فکری او امروزه در معنا و مفهومی متفاوت از خوانش اولیه خود توسط نئوکلاسیکها و دیگران درک میشوند، اما به دلیل آنکه این مبانی فکری نزدیکی و همسوئی معناداری را میان نظام سیاسی و اقتصادی انگلستان بوجود آوردند، هنوز هم مورد توجه اقتصاددانان غرب قرار دارند و نظام اقتصادی آنان را علیرغم روندهای تکاملی پس از اقتصاد کلاسیک، تاکنون نظامی بر پایه مبانی «فردگرایانه» نگاه داشته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Entanglement of Government Political Philosophy and the Intellectual Foundations of Liberal Economics in the Opinion of Adam Smith
نویسندگان [English]
- Ayat Mulaee 1
- Farshid Bandeh Ali 2
1 Associate Professor of Public Law Department, University of Tabriz. Iran
2 PhD Candidate of Public Law, University of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]
The debates that are being made today under the headings of classical economics and its inherited liberal system emphasize the role of the industrial revolution in the formation of this system, while it seems; For a correct understanding of ideas and semantics, concepts such as; The "invisible hand" and "free economy" left behind by the founders of this economic system, especially Adam Smith, must be considered in the political-legal and even moral nature of the system. For this reason, this study tries to examine some of the basic features of the English constitutional system of the Smith era, such as; The concept of "state", "public interest", "freedom" and their subsequent evolution, to the question of what factors played an important role in the emergence of the theoretical foundations of liberal economics by Adam Smith and the theorists after him? Give the right answer. The results show that the key concepts of classical economics emphasized by Adam Smith were, in fact, prescriptions for the elimination of the immoral-political effects that the newly established post-revolutionary constitutional system inevitably had on economics because of its rejection of the old traditions of feudalism. British politics imposed. Thus, although his intellectual reflections are understood today in a different sense from their original reading by the neoclassicists and others, because these intellectual foundations created a meaningful closeness and alignment between the British political and economic system, it is still the case. They are the focus of Western economists, and their economic system, despite the evolutionary trends after classical economics, has so far maintained a system based on "individualistic" principles.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Smith
- Classical Economics
- The Invisible Hand
- Government
- Public Interest
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