مجله پژوهش های فلسفی

Journal of Philosophical Investigations

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

اخبار و اعلانات

پیوندهای مفید

معرفت شناسی تکاملی دونالد کمبل

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

2 استادیار گروه فلسفه علم، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه فلسفه علم، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

دونالد توماس کمبل در زمره‌ دانشمندان روانشناسی و علوم اجتماعی است که سهم زیادی در گسترش رویکردی تکاملی به فلسفه علم، اخلاق و به ویژه معرفت­شناسی دارد. کمبل، ایده­های معرفت­شناسانه خود را که نوعی معرفت­شناسی توصیفی است، معرفت­شناسی تکاملی خواند. وی در این رویکرد، منطقِ حاکم بر فرآیند انتخاب طبیعی را برای تبیین سطوح مختلف معرفت، از سطح زیستی تا سطح فرهنگ و علم، استفاده می­ کند. به عبارت دیگر، وی در پی صورت بندی نظریه­ای کلی درباره معرفت، مبتنی بر انتخاب طبیعی با استفاده از داده­های علوم زیستی، روانشناسی و جامعه­شناسی است. کمبل، مکانیسمِ تنوع کور و ابقاء انتخابی- تکواا - را مکانیسم کلیِ فرآیندهای تکاملی از جمله فرآیندهای زیستی، یادگیری و خلاقیت در نظر می­گیرد و با تعمیم این مکانیسم به سطح علم، به تبیین تغییرات معرفت علمی می­پردازد. در این مقاله، ضمن ارائه گزارشی توصیفی-تحلیلی و نقد معرفت­شناسی تکاملی کمبل، به پیامدهای فلسفی معرفت­شناسی تکاملی وی نیز خواهیم پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evolutionary Epistemology of Donald Campbell

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farshid Daneshpajooh 1
  • Hadi Samadi 2
  • Ahmad Reza Hemmati Moghaddam 3

1 PhD Candidate of Philosophy of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Philosophy of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Philosophy of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Donald Thomas Campbell is among the psychology and sociology scientists which has played a great role in developing the evolutionary approach towards philosophy of science, morals and in particular epistemology. Campbell named his epistemological ideas which are a kind of descriptive epistemology, evolutionary epistemology. In this approach, he uses the logic of natural selection process to explain the different levels of epistemology from biological levels to culture and science levels. In other words, he is trying to classify the general theories on the epistemology relating to the natural selection by the data gained from biology, psychology, and sociology sciences. Campbell consider blind variation and selective retention mechanism as universal mechanism of evolutionary processes among biological, learning, creativity and scientific changes processes. In this article, in addition to giving a descriptive-analytical report and criticizing the evolutionary epistemology of Campbell, we also pay attention to the psychological results of his evolutionary epistemology.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Campbell
  • evolutionary epistemology
  • selection
  • bvsr
  • naturalistic
مراجع
Bradie, M. (2001), “The Metaphysical Foundation of Campbell's Selectionist Epistemology.” In Heyes, C. & Hull, D.L. (Eds.). Selection Theory and Social Construction: The Evolutionary Naturalistic Epistemology of Donald T. Campbell. Albany: The State University of New York Press, 35-52.
Bradie, M. (1986), “Assessing evolutionary epistemology.” Biology and Philosophy 1, 401-459.
Bradie, M. (1989), “Evolutionary epistemology as naturalized epistemology.” In Issues in Evolutionary Epistemology, Hahlweg, K. Hooker, C. A. (Eds.). 393-412.
Bradie, M. (2006), “Evolutionary Epistemology”, in the philosophy of Science an Encyclopedia. Sarkar S Pfeifer Rutledge New York Jessica p.257-263.
Campbell, D. T. (1956), “Perception as Substitute Trial and Error.” Psychological Review 63(5), 331-342.
Campbell, D. T. (1959), “Methodological Suggestions from a Comparative Psychology of Knowledge Processes.” Inquiry 2,152-182.
Campbell, D. T. (1974), “Evolutionary Epistemology.” In: Schlipp, P. A. (Ed.). The philosophy of Karl Popper. LaSalle, IL: Open Court, 413–63.
Campbell, D. T. (1960), “Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative thought as in Other Knowledge processes.” Psychological Review 67, 380-400.
Campbell, D. T. (1988), “Descriptive Epistemology: Psychological, Sociological, and Evolutionary”. In Methodology and epistemology for social science. Selected papers Donald T. Campbell, edited by Overman, S. (Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 435–486.
Campbell, D. T. (1990), “Epistemological Roles for Selection Theory.” In: Rescher, N. (Ed.). Evolution, Cognition and Realism. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1–19.
Campbell, D. T. (1997), “From Evolutionary Epistemology via Selection Theory to a Sociology of Scientific validity.” Evolution and Cognition 3(1), 5-38.
Campbell, D. T. (1977), “Comment on "The Natural Selection Model of Conceptual Evolution".” Philosophy of Science, Vol. 44, No. 3, 502-507.
Campbell, D.  T. (1988), “A general selection theory: as implemented in biological evolution and in social belief transmission with modification in science.” Biology and Philosophy 3, 171-177.
Campbell, D. T. (1987), “Selection theory and the sociology of scientific validity.” In Evolutionary Epistemology, Callebaut, W. Pinxton, R. (Eds.). 39-158.
Campbell, D. T. (1974), “Unjustified variation and selective retention in scientific discovery.” In Studies in the Philosophy of Biology, Ayala, F.J. Dobzhansky, T., 139-161.
Cooper, W. S. (2003). The Evolution of Reason: Logic as a Branch of Biology. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Biology, Cambridge University Press
Cziko, G. A. (2001), “Universal Selection Theory and the complementarity of Different Types of Blind Variation and Selective Retention.” In Heyes, C. & Hull, D.L. (Eds.). Selection Theory and Social Construction: The Evolutionary Naturalistic Epistemology of Donald T .Campbell. Albany: The State University of New York Press, 15-34.
Gontier, N. (2017), “Evolutionary Epistemology.” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fieser and Dowden (Ed.). URL: http://www.iep.utm.edu/.
Hull, D. L. (2001), “In Search of Epistemological Warrant.” In Heyes, C. & Hull, D. L. (Eds.). Selection Theory and Social Construction: The Evolutionary Naturalistic Epistemology of Donald T. Campbell. Albany: The State University of New York Press, 155-167.
Hull, D. (1988), Science as a Process. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
Lorenz, K. (1977). Behind the Mirror. London: Methuen.
Man Kim, K. (2001), “Nested Hierarchies of Vicarious Selectors.” In Heyes, C. & Hull, D.L. (Eds.). Selection Theory and Social Construction: The Evolutionary Naturalistic Epistemology of Donald T. Campbell. Albany: The State University of New York Press, 101-118.
Munz, P. (2001), Philosophical Darwinism: on the origin of knowledge by means of natural selection. Rutledge. London.
Plotkin, H.C. (1987), “Evolutionary Epistemology as Science.” Biology and Philosophy 2(3), 295-313.
Plotkin, H. (2001), “Social Constructions and Evolution.” In Heyes, C. & Hull, D.L. (Eds.). Selection Theory and Social Construction: The Evolutionary Naturalistic Epistemology of Donald T. Campbell. Albany: The State University of New York Press, 119-133.
Popper, K. (1972), Objective Knowledge. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Popper, K. (1974), “Campbell on the Evolutionary Theory of Knowledge.” In: Schlipp, P.A. (Ed.). The philosophy of Karl Popper. LaSalle, IL: Open Court, 1059–1065.
Shepard, R. N. (2001). “Perceptual-cognitive universals as reflections of the world”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, 581–601.
Toulmin, S. (1967), “The evolutionary development of natural science.” American Scientist 55, 456-471.Toulmin, S. (1972), Human Understanding: The Evolution of Collective Understanding. Princeton University Press. Princeton.
Wuketits, F.M. (2001),” The Philosophy of Donald T. Campbell: A Short Review and Critical Appraisal.” Biology and Philosophy 16, 171–188.
Wuketits, F.M (2006), “Evolutionary epistemology: The non-adaptationist approach.” In Evolutionary Epistemology Language and Culture: Non-Adaptationist Systems Theoretical Approach, Goutier, N. & Van Bendegem, J.P. & Aerts, D. (Eds.). Netherlands, Springer, 33-47.
Wuketits, F.M. (1986), “Evolution as a Cognition Process: Towards an evolutionary epistemology.” Biology and Philosophy 1, 191-206.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image
مجله پژوهش های فلسفی
دوره 12، شماره 22 - شماره پیاپی 22
مقالات
خرداد 1397
صفحه 45-62
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار