Document Type : Research Paper

Author

• amin navakhti moghaddam

Associate Professor, Department of Political Science

Abstract

Metaphysical knowledge has always been an important part of philosophical systems, and it has been considered the highest philosophy, i.e. the highest part of rational knowledge, and sometimes even equivalent to philosophy. Today, as a result of intellectual developments, the metaphysics category has faced criticism and even denial. Kant and Carnap as two important philosophers of two main philosophical currents; have adopted critical positions regarding metaphysics. This article seeks to answer this main question: which aspect of Kant's philosophy has caused the revival of philosophy and has influenced the philosophy of Carnap and the philosophy of logical positivism of the Vienna circle? How is Kant's criticism and explanation of metaphysics? Kant's way of looking at metaphysics and philosophy created profound changes in the philosophical field. By expressing the concept of the Copernican revolution, Kant reached the conditions of the possibility of metaphysics by distinguishing analytic/synthetic propositions and apriori /posterior concepts. Carnap, as one of the most important representatives of the Vienna circle, put forward important theories by proposing analytical/ synthetic judgments and founded an epistemological system based on the rejection of metaphysical propositions. By comparing the views of two philosophers; The result was that Carnap benefited from Kant's philosophy, but with the difference that Kant wanted to free metaphysics from its traditional state and make it scientific, while Carnap was inspired by the flow of empiricism and considering it futile, and by abolishing Metaphysics wants to follow the path of making human knowledge scientific

Keywords

• analytical/synthetic
• a posteriori/a priori
• metaphysics
• epistemology
• Kant
• Carnap

Main Subjects

• epistemology