Document Type : Research Paper
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Abstract
Culture has been in the core of many scholars' attention until now and has led some of them to pay attention to criticize social issues. The term "industry of making culture" developed by some of Frankfurt Social Research Institute members to address capitalism criticism at that time. This institute started officially in 1923 and of its prominent members were Horkheimer, Adorno and Marcuse. They believed that ruling system by employing media, music, sport or horoscope which are some of most important elements of culture, tries to convert people to passive ones against policies, in such a way that there will not be any kind of commentarial views in society. On the other hand capitalism with help of culture industry tries to degrade artistic and cultural products in order to be produced just to make money in production and distribution circle. This industry with the help of wide and hard propaganda force people to buy those goods perhaps they don't need, resulting to pour revenues to investors.
These scholars apart from culture keep critical views to "Capitalism", "instrumental Reason" and "Positive philosophy" and developed some hypothesis in this regard. In criticism, it is necessary for their theory to act revolutionarily, while, except Marcuse, no one of them not only participate in political movements but did not even support them. The other comment is that Frankfurt school was formed to review and renew Marxism principles and remove its errors which made it necessary to pay attention carefully to historical and economical documents in relation to structure of main social formation; but these scholars did not take serious measures in this regard.
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