Journal of Philosophical Investigations

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه، دانشگاه تبریز

2 د انشجوی دکتری فلسفه، دانشگاه تبریز

3 استادیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

در این پژوهش درصدد توضیح این موضوع هستیم که چگونه نیککولو ماکیاوللی، مبانی اندیشه سیاسی کلاسیک را به صورت بنیادین مورد نقد قرار می‌دهد و در گسست از آن مبانی، راه را برای ایجاد نگرشی جدید به سیاست و همچنین تأسیس علم سیاست هموار می‌کند. در این جستار، فلسفه سیاسی ارسطو به عنوان نماینده منطق اندیشیدن سیاسی کلاسیک مطرح شده است و این اندیشه‌ را بر اساس سه اصطلاح استراتژیکِ طبیعت، بخت و فضیلت و همچنین نسبت پیچیده میان‌ آن‌ها و ارتباطشان به سیاست در منظر ارسطو، مورد تفسیر و بررسی قرار می‌دهیم و نشان خواهیم داد که سیاست دنباله نگاه طبیعت محور و اخلاق محور ارسطوست. همچنین به صورت همزمان می‌پردازیم به اینکه چگونه ماکیاوللی با سه اصطلاحی که در مقابل اصطلاحات ارسطو وضع می‌کند (که عبارتند از قدرت، ویرتو و میهن) مبانی اندیشه سیاسی ارسطو و همچنین به تبع آن اندیشه سیاسی کلاسیک را بی‌اعتبار می‌کند و راه را برای ایجاد اندیشه سیاسی جدید که در بیرون میدان جاذبه قدرت طبیعت، قدرت اخلاق و قدرت بخت شکل می‌گیرد، باز می‌کند. جایی که آدمی تنها با اتکا به اراده خود و ویرتو و بدون نیاز به نیروی طبیعت و بخت، منطق مناسبات سیاسی را به نفع خود بر هم می‌زند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Machiavelli's Break from the Foundations of Aristotle's Political Philosophy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Bagherzadeh Meshkibaf 1
  • Mostafa Abedi 2
  • Mahmoud Sufiani 3

1 PhD Candidate of Philosophy, University of Tabriz, Iran, Tabriz.

2 PhD Candidate of Philosophy, University of Tabriz, Iran, Tabriz.

3 Assistant Prof. of Philosophy, University of Tabriz, Iran. Tabriz

چکیده [English]

In this research, we are trying to explain how Niccolò Machiavelli Basically criticizes the foundations of classical political thought, and in breaking off those foundations, paves the way for a new vision of politics as well as the establishment of political science. In this essay, Aristotle's political philosophy is presented as the representative of the logic of classical political thinking and we interpret this thought on the basis of the three strategic terms of nature, luck and virtue, as well as the complex relationship between them and their relation to politics in Aristotle's perspective and we will show that politics follows the naturalist-ethical view of Aristotle. We also discuss simultaneously how Machiavelli works with three terms that set against the terms of Aristotle (Which include power, virtue , and the homeland) invalidate the foundations of Aristotle's political thought and, consequently, classical political thought. And opens the way for the creation of a new political thought that forms outside the field of gravity of nature power, of fortune power. Where man is only relying on his will and virtue and without the need for a force of nature and fortune, It changes the logic of political relations to its own advantage. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Machiavelli
  • Aristotle
  • nature
  • virtue
  • Fortune
  • homeland
  • power
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