Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Ali Salmani ¹
• Saeed Hajrashidian ²

¹ Associate Professor, Department of philosophy of art, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

² PhD in philosophy of art, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

Perhaps one of the most pivotal ideas of Kant which connects all of the periods of his continuous intellectual work is the idea of the nature as the whole. According to Kant the nature as the whole is equivalent to totality and universality. This is the rule of the fundamental idea: the particulars finally must be under the general in order to be explicable. But it is interesting to note that this general rule which remains unchanged in Kant’s three periods of intellectual work has a special meaning in each period. So we seek to answer the question of how Kant begins with the nature as the objective and then reaches the nature as the ideal of the pure reason and consider it as the necessary totality for the power of judgment and from there reaches the nature as something that has legal requirements. But such a transformation into the legal and historical nature is possible only if we pay attention to the power of reflective judgments which are contained of aesthetic and teleological judgments. Because it is the power of reflective judgment that provides Kant with the necessary tools to view the nature as a totality whose purpose is the realization of rights. In this sense the nature is something that offers hope to the human race..

Keywords

• Nature as a Whole
• Universality
• Totality
• Necessity
• Systematicity
• Purposeful System
• Empathetic Accompaniment

Main Subjects

• philosophy