Journal of Philosophical Investigations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in Curriculum Planning, Department of Education Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Curriculum Studies Department, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor of Curriculum Studies Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4 Associate Professor of Curriculum Studies Department, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Human cultural vision in religious rituals and ceremonies of different religions, denominations and sects is of such a difference that this difference sometimes puts them in complete contradiction with each other. Apparently, every religion speaks of the eternal principles that must be followed by that religion’s followers and seeks to raise reasons of the veracity of its own claims as well as the refutation of the claims of other religions in order to prove its own supremacy in the face of the inferiority of the other religions. Today, man needs to have an interpretation and perspective of these diversities and to offer a judgement of their veracity, rightness or deviance may it make the best choice in rational terms. Referring to the ideas of thinkers is one of the methods that can help the humans to identify or mitigate these challenges. Thus, this study aims at assaying the perception of religious other from the point of view of the human scientists. The approach of this research is based on the qualitative method focusing on thematic analysis, data collection through semi-structured interviews as well as the analysis of the findings based on the stages of the thematic analysis. The research field is constituted by the professors of the universities of Tehran city. Sampling process continued in a purposeful manner among the professors of philosophy and sociology up to 8 cases until the theoretical saturation. The results of the research show that religious other within Iranian cultural context includes eight sub themes: Sunni, Zoroastrians, Christians, Jews, Mandaeans, Yarsans, Derwishes and Baha’is. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Abdalmulah, A. H. (1995). A research concerning the origin, the source and beliefs of Sabein and their services to Islam, MA Thesis in Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Ahmari Moghaddam, A. (2012). Towards international Islamic human rights: A comparative study of Islamic law, Shari'ah, with universal human rights as defined in the International Bill of human Rights, MA Thesis, University of Toronto.
Aliabadi, A. (2018). Explaining the theory of pluralism (within the religion) in the field of Islamic jurisprudence and its implications for religious education, PhD Thesis in the Philosophy of Education, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Amini, Z.; Razavi, S. A. (2016). Religeons self and other in historiography of Aalam Araye Naderi. Journal of Historical Perspective & Historiography, 27(19), 5-30. (In Persian). https://www.doi.org/10.22051/hph.2018.12426.1095
Amirteimour, I. (2017). The Iranian children of Adam: A study on the Iranian Sabaean Mandaean Community, Master’s Thesis, University of Oslo.
Arabestani, M. (2019). Changing world of the Mandaeans. Iranian Journal of Anthropological Research, 9(1), 31-49. (In Persian) https://www.doi: 10.22059/ijar.2019.73080
Bagheri, K. (2001). Damage and health in Religious Education, Journal of Islamic Education. 1(6), 13-60. (In Persian)
Bagherian, M (2010). Political and cultural role of Bahaism at the first Pahlavi age, MA Thesis in History, Bagherol Olum University, Qom: Iran. (In Persian)
Braun, V.; Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Dingley, J. (2009). Religion, truth, national identity and social meaning: The example of Northern Ireland. National Identities, 23(4), 367-383.
Emamjomezadeh, S. J.; Veysi, S. (2015). Ahl-Haqq (Yarsan): Anthropological study of an extremist group of the Shiites in Kermanshah province, Journal of Shia Studies, 2(54), 103-134. )In Persian(
Fatahpour, M. (2016). A case study of Ahl-e Haqh sect. MA Thesis in Sociology, Guilan University, Guilan: Iran. (in Persian)
 Furseth, I; Repstad, P. (2018). Sociology of Religion: classical and contemporary perspectives, translated by A.Ahmadi, Tehran: Tamadon Elmi Press. (In Persian)
Habib, H. (2017). A study of cultural pluralism and its advantages for education. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 6(1), 88-93. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334721532
Iskandaryan, G. (2019). The Armenian community in Iran: Issues and emigration. Global Campus Human Rights Journal, 3(1), 127-140. https://doi.org/20.500.11825/991
Jafarian, M; Bashir, H; Miree, S.J. (2018). Cultural readings of inter-religion dialogue in Iran: A qualitative study, Intercultural Studies Qurterly, 13(35), 9-40. (In Persian) https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17358663.1397.13.35.1.6
Jahanmehr, M. (2011). Hick’s religious pluralism and Plantinga’s exclusivism in a comparative encounter. MA Thesis in Philosophy of religion, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran. (in Persian)
Kamali, Y. (2018). Methodology of thematic analysis and its application in public policy Studies. Public Policy, 4(2), 189-202. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22059/ppolicy.2018.67875
Keshavarz Farhadi, K. (2015). Demographic analysis of ceremonies, rituals and traditions of the Sufis of Nematollahi Gonabadi dynasty in Tehran. MA Thesis in Ethnology, Centeral Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Khanifar, H; Moslemi, N. (2018). Fundamentals of Qualitative Research Methods. Tehran: Negahedanesh.(In Persian)
Khorzani, Z. (2015). Baha'i role in constitutional review. MA Thesis in History of Islamic Iran), Lahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahrood, Iran. (in Persian)
Korkmaz, M. (2013). Persecution of Bahai's in Iran: An historical overview and contemporary insights, MA thesis, Middle East technical University.
 Majin, S. K. (2017). Iranian and Saudi cultural and religious identities: Constructivist perspective. Open Journal of Political Science, 7(1): 65-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2017.71006
Mehfooz, M. (2021). Religious freedom in Pakistan: A case study of religious minorities. Religions, 12(51), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12010051
Moe, D. T. (2018). Identity and Otherness: A trinitarian theological exploration of engaging the Other and embracing the Otherness in a pluralistic world. Ecclesiology, 14(3), 261-283
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455316-01403003
Moghri, A; Sadeghnia, M; Salehi, M. (2015). Interreligious dialogue and the problem of religious Other in revealed theology. Comparative Theology, 6 (13): 89-104. (In Persian) https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20089651.1394.6.13.7.5
Mohammadi Sefar, M.; Homayoun, M. H. (2016). An investigation of Al-e-buye government in dealing with cultural diversity and presenting a model of it. Marefat-i Farhangi Ejtemaii, 7(4): 105-136. (in Persian)
Mohammadrezaii, M.; Karimzadeh, T. (2010). A Comparison between doctrines of John Hick and S. H Nasr on religious pluralism, Comparative Theology, 1(2), 19-40. (In Persian) https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20089651.1389.1.2.2.3
Momeni, S; Shariati, S. (2017). A sociological study of Zoroastrians visibility as a religious minority in the public Space of Tehran, Iranian Journal of Sociology, 18 (3), 60-85. (In Persian) https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17351901.1396.18.3.3.5
Mosleh, A. A. (2018). With the Other: A research on intercultural thought and the ethics of dialogue. Tehran: Nashreelmi. (in persian)
Nuruzzaman, M. (2017). Conflicts in Sunni political Islam and their implications. Strategic Analysis: 41(3), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2017.1295612
Ostadi, E. (2016). Extra-religious exposition and criticism of John Hick’s religious pluralism and salvation, MA Thesis in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Qorbani, Q (2020). Religions diversity and the problem of the religious Other. Journal of Philosophical Investigations, 14 (33), 337-353. (in Persian) https:// doi: 10.22034/jpiut.2020.40875.2624
Qorbani, Q. (2019). Relation between exclusivism and criteria of rationality of religious traditions dialogue. Journal of Philosophical Investigations, 13(27), 276-292. (in Persian) https://www.doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.33101.2305
Rahimiyan, O. R. (2009). My homeland, my diaspora: Iranian Jewish identity in modern times. J. Hate Stud, 8(1), 53-86.
Razavimaleki, B. (2014). Culture and identity: A study of assimilation of Iranians in Texas after immigration and religious conversion. MA Thesis, Texas State University.
Rosca, M. (2018). From exclusivism to pluralism: A reflection on European religious minorities. The Age of Human Rights Journal, (10), 139-158. https://doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.n10.7
Sadeghi, A. (2011). Design of a multicultural curriculum model for elementary school teacher education in the Islamic Republic of Iran. PhD Thesis in Curriculum, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Sajjadi, S. M. (2012). Religious Identity and Contemporary Challenging Teaching. Tehran: Bagherololum Institute Press. (in Persian)
Salehi Brujeni, N. (2012). A historical survey of the cultural identity of the Gonabadi Nematullahi Derwishe dynasty. MA Thesis in History of Islam, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Shoaei, Zahra. (2019). Modern state and religious pluralism, MA Thesis in Public Law), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Soleimani, A. (2014). John Hick and compromise between Christianity and pluralism. Jostarha-ye Falsafe-ye Din, 3(1), 21-42. (in Persian)
Villegas, D. L. (2018). Spirituality and belief: Implications for study and practice of Christian spirituality. HTS: Theological Studies, 74(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.5037
Yazdani, M. (2015). Higher education under the Islamic republic: The case of the Baha’is. Journal of Educational Controversy, 10(1): 1-19. https://cedar.wwu.edu/jec/vol10/iss1/7
Zakeri, M.; Azarmakan, H.; Dori, N.; Forouzanfar, A. (2019). Concepts of Other, Other acceptance, and Other antipathy in Mawlana’s Masnavi-Manavi. Islamic Mysiticism, 16(61): 67-99. (in Persian)
CAPTCHA Image