Kant’s Critical Analysis of the Story of Abraham and the Near Sacrifice of Isaac

Document Type : Research Paper

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Associate professor of philosophy, wisdom and logic Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This article explains Kant’s critical analysis of the religious story of the Binding of Isaac in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (2001) and The Conflict of the Faculties (1798). From Kant’s perspective, a command to sacrifice one’s child—if it conflicts with the moral law—cannot originate from a divine source. In this critique, Kant’s concern extends beyond theology; he seeks to defend the authority of practical reason and moral conscience against any purported divine command that contradicts them. In his view, the uncritical and morally unreflective acceptance of religious imperatives leads to blind obedience and the erosion of individual moral responsibility within society. The article argues that Kant’s interpretation of the Abrahamic narrative forms part of his broader project of transforming religion into a rational, ethics-centered domain, free from superstition and the coercive authority of external institutions. By emphasizing conscience as a duty, Kant maintains that religion is justifiable only insofar as it remains subordinate to practical reason. Accordingly, the figure of Abraham portrayed in this religious tale is not to be admired uncritically; rather, it calls for a skeptical and morally vigilant reading of the narrative itself. The article thus underscores Kant’s deep commitment to moral autonomy as the foundation of both individual virtue and social order.

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References

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Journal of Philosophical Investigations
Volume 19, Issue 52 - Serial Number 52
Articles
52 Autumn 2025
November 2025
Pages 345-364

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