Transformations of the Neoplatonic School; A Case Study: Proclus and Damascius

Document Type : Research Paper

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professor , philosophy department, Allame Tabataba'i university

Abstract

Throughout the history of its formation and development, the Neoplatonic school (or tradition), like many other philosophical traditions, underwent various changes —or, as we refer to them here, "transformations." These are discernible as shifts in the doctrines and viewpoints of later thinkers compared to their predecessors, even concerning fundamental principles. While the question of how changes in foundational ideas can still be subsumed under a single heading and considered part of one philosophical school—and what the criterion for unity or plurality in metaphysical thought might be—requires a separate discussion, it can be stated that under the title of Neoplatonism, a wide spectrum of diverse and often contrasting ideas and inquiries can be observed. Despite these differences and distinctions, a common spirit discernible among them alone guarantees their spiritual unity, and it is not unfounded to place them within a single philosophical tradition.



Among these transformations are those revealed by comparing the thought of two prominent figures of this tradition: Proclus and his student, Damascius. Despite all their theoretical commonalities, they diverged from one another in significant elements of their metaphysical systems. In this paper, due to Proclus's greater renown, we will first outline the key features of his philosophical system and metaphysical views. Subsequently, we will discuss the ideas of his philosophical successor, Damascius, in greater detail.

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Journal of Philosophical Investigations
Volume 19, Issue 52 - Serial Number 52
Articles
No. 52 Autumn 2025
November 2025
Pages 673-696

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