Transition from Classical Cognition to 4E Cognition: A Study of Theoretical Developments in the Third Revolution of Cognitive Sciences

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Philosophy of Science, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Philosophy of Science, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The present study examines the theoretical developments in contemporary cognitive science, a field that has undergone three major revolutions since the mid-20th century. The main research question is how the transition from classical cognitivism to the novel 4E approaches has reshaped our understanding of the mind and cognition. Using an analytical-descriptive method based on a review of theoretical sources, the study traces the evolution from classical cognitivism to the 4E perspective. The findings indicate that classical cognitivism, with its reliance on computational representation and symbolic processing, faces limitations in explaining the interactions between mind, body, and environment. In contrast, the 4E approach—comprising embodied, embedded, enacted, and extended components—views cognition as a dynamic, situated, and environmentally interactive process, highlighting the role of the body, tools, and environmental context in organizing cognitive processes. Finally, the results suggest that integrating classical views with the 4E perspective can guide future research toward a more comprehensive, realistic, and interdisciplinary framework, although methodological and operational challenges remain.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Philosophical Investigations
Volume 19, Issue 52 - Serial Number 52
Articles
52 Autumn 2025
November 2025
Pages 215-240

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