al-Fārābī and the Development of Galen's Theory of Humor: Its Dimensions in Philosophy, Medicine, and Psychology Based on al-Fārābī's Manuscript 'Treatise on Humors'

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

The University of Jordan

10.22034/jpiut.2026.70648.4365

Abstract

Objective:

This study examines the differences between Galen and Al-Farabi regarding the factors affecting human health and humors. Galen emphasizes biological and environmental determinants, while Al-Farabi highlights mental, intellectual, and artistic influences. The aim is to provide a comparative analysis of these perspectives and their implications for holistic health.

Methods:

A qualitative, comparative approach was used. Textual analysis of Galen’s medical writings and Al-Farabi’s philosophical works was conducted. Key elements related to the causes of humor imbalance, health maintenance, and the role of cognitive and artistic practices were identified and compared.

Results:

Galen’s approach focuses on physical balance and external factors such as climate and lifestyle. Al-Farabi, however, emphasizes the mind, ethical conduct, meditation, and engagement with music and arts as crucial to well-being. Both acknowledge external influences, but Al-Farabi integrates psychological and intellectual dimensions into the understanding of health.

Conclusions:

Al-Farabi’s perspective provides a holistic view that complements Galen’s biological model. By combining mental, ethical, and artistic dimensions with physiological considerations, his framework offers a broader understanding of health. This comparison highlights the relevance of philosophical insights in contemporary discussions on psychosomatic and holistic health.

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Journal of Philosophical Investigations

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 14 March 2026

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