Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Mahdi Khayatzadeh ¹
• Mansour Nasiri ²

¹ PhD of Contemporary Philosophy, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.

² Associate Professor of Philosophy Department, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

John Cottingham, a contemporary English philosopher, considers the best way to understand religious beliefs to be an empathic understanding. He calls his theory “the epistemology of involvement”. Based on this theory, in order to understand religious beliefs, one should put aside the detachment approach and by entering the life of faith, provide the conditions for the realization of the religious experiences of the believers, and at the same time, maintain the critical opinion in this sympathetic participation in religion. He considers such an approach to be a middle way between Kierkegaard's irrationalism and Plantinga's relativism and considers it generalizable to other philosophical fields. This approach faces criticism. First, before entering a religious life, it is necessary to evaluate its worldview, and this evaluation precedes the practical system and literary and emotional texts of that religion. Second, there is no connection between an empathetic understanding of religion and entering into a life of faith, and thirdly, by entering into a life of faith, the acceptance of a belief will be involuntary, and after the realization of such a belief, it is not possible to criticize it.

Keywords

• religious epistemology
• John Cottingham
• the epistemology of involvement
• non-evidentialism
• empathic understanding

Main Subjects

• philosophy