Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Mohsen Japani ¹
• Masood Seif ²
• Mohammadhasan Heidari ³
• Mohammad Raayat Jahromi ⁴

¹ Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

² Associate Professor. Department of philosophy. Faculty of Humanities. Imam Khomeini International University. Qazvin. Iran.

³ Assistant professor, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

⁴ Associated Professor, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

Abstract

Brentano attempts to resolve the problems of perception of temporal things by postulating the “original association”, but Husserl considers Brentano's thoughts inadequate and with constant effort tries to answer the problems of time in different stages of his thought. Before anything, he transforms the problem of time into the problem of time-consciousness, then tries to discover the deeper levels of time along with the development of his thought. First, he investigates our consciousness of temporal objects, then studies the temporal consciousness of this consciousness, and finally investigates the absolute stream of consciousness. Although he had not taken this path consciously, the process of Husserl’s thought about time moved toward the direction that challenges the dominance of the actual present now in the consciousness of time. Postulating concepts like "primary memory" and "primary expectation" and later "retention" and "protention," Husserl gets away from the centrality of “presence” and “now” which are the basic elements of the metaphysics of presence. Despite taking a significant step towards overcoming the metaphysics of presence, Husserl did not take the last step, namely bypassing absolutely present consciousness.

Keywords

• time
• metaphysics of presence
• retention
• protention
• absolute consciousness

Main Subjects

• philosophy