Journal of Philosophical Investigations

Proof-Theoretic Approach to Logical Consequence, and Tarski’s Criticism of it

Hamid Alaeinejad; Morteza Hajhosseini

Volume 18, Issue 46 , April 2024, , Pages 30-49

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.50993.3160

Abstract

According to the proof-theoretic definition of the concept of logical consequence, the sentence X is a logical consequence of the set of assumptions Γ if there is an argument ... Read More

Were the Ancient Logicians Aware of Material Implication and Its Truth Condition?

Morteza Haj Hosseini

Volume 4, Issue 219 , November 2010, , Pages 33-70

Abstract

The truth-functional conditional compound P→Q that is named, as material implication, and is equivalent to the truth functional and , has made satisfactory results in the ... Read More

Examining the Approach of Training the Mind based on the Perspective of Transcendental Wisdom with Emphasis on Strengthening Imagination in Children's Education

Akbar Panahi Dorcheh

Volume 16, Issue 40 , November 2022, , Pages 33-51

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.52574.3298

Abstract

During the last two decades, the discussions related to "theory of children's mind" and the teachings related to the process of "mind training" have been widely promoted in the intellectual ... Read More

Philosophy, Science, Capitalism and Truth

Slavoj Žižek

Volume 15, Issue 36 , November 2021, , Pages 36-52

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2021.13837

Abstract

Fascinated by the recent scientific progress, even some philosophers today claim that philosophy is dead and that natural sciences (quantum cosmology, cognitive sciences) can answer ... Read More

The late Husserl’s project of science of the life-world

Leila Siavashi

Volume 10, Issue 18 , August 2016, , Pages 37-60

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to represent the obvious understanding of the challenging concept of a science of the life-world in The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental ... Read More

Human Agency and Social Mission of the Humboldtian Model of University in the Age of Enlightenment and Romantic era

Ahmad Banyasady; meysam sefidkhos; khosrow bagheri; Mahdi Sajjadi

Volume 14, Issue 30 , May 2020, , Pages 38-55

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.33065.2302

Abstract

After highlighting the importance of social mission in Humboldtian university idea, this article will inquire about the relation between this mission and human agency. To do this we ... Read More

ارزیابی رویکرد واندولد به گادامر

Alireza Azadi

Volume 6, Issue 11 , November 2012, , Pages 39-52

Abstract

هدف این مقاله توجه به چهار وجه مهم انتقادهای واندولد بر گادامر است. نخست، موضع او در برابر این ادعای ... Read More

Reggio Emilia: a postmodern approach to early childhood education

Seyyed Amir Ghasemtabar

Volume 16, Issue 39 , September 2022, , Pages 40-58

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.52571.3297

Abstract

The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining and interpreting the approach of Reggio Emilia based on the basic assumptions and beliefs of postmodern philosophy. Analytical-inferential ... Read More

Interpretation of Hegel's Preface to the Book Philosophy of Right and Examination of the Basic Components of His Political Philosophy

Mohsen Bagherzadeh meshkibaf

Volume 15, Issue 34 , May 2021, , Pages 41-62

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.41252.2651

Abstract

The author reconstructs the preface of Hegel's philosophy of law according to the three gaps that Hegel has found in German thought and culture in such a way that not only the reason ... Read More

Explanation of Interdisciplinary Approach Based on Epistemology of Al-Hikmat Al-Muta'li

Mohsen Imani; Khosrow Bagheri; Alireza Sadeghzadeh; Kianush Mohammadi Ruzbehani

Volume 5, Issue 9 , November 2011, , Pages 43-67

Abstract

Interdisciplinarity approach is one of the newest to the knowledge. One of the contemporary necessities of interdisciplinarity approach to the knowledge is its philosophical explanation. ... Read More

Heidegger and the Question Concerning Human Illness: A Daseinsanalytic Perspective

Khashayar Boroomand; Aliasghar Mosleh

Volume 12, Issue 25 , February 2019, , Pages 43-60

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8019

Abstract

Abstract This paper focuses on the question concerning the nature of human illness in Heidegger’s thought according to the Daseinsanalytic approach to psychology in its broadest ... Read More Abstract This paper focuses on the question concerning the nature of human illness in Heidegger’s thought according to the Daseinsanalytic approach to psychology in its broadest sense. In this regard, we will first clarify the relationship between illness, as a phenomenon of privation in Heidegger’s own words, the state of health, and the human specific mode of being in this framework which determines how being healthy is to be understood appropriately. Then, the importance of the general existential structures of human being, according to Heidegger, such as human spatiality and the temporal feature of human Da-sein, for the Daseinsanalytic illustration of different forms of pathological being-in-the-world will be considered. Finally, we will bring into focus a theoretical challenge related to the Daseinsanalytic understanding of human health, concerning the problematic link between the standard of human openness to the highest degree, freedom for the possibilities of life and existential awareness on the one hand, and the ordinary normal experience of responding to the basic human existential traits as a touchstone of the state of health and the deviations from it, on the other. Keywords: Heidegger, Boss, Human Illness, Health, Daseinsanalytic Psychopathology 1. Introduction Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and medical practitioners work on the basis of specific concepts of human health and illness. While the question concerning the nature of health and illness, as a philosophical question, is beyond the scope of the scientific research, it is the philosopher’s task to ask about what has been taken for granted in advance in this regard. Bringing into light the significance of the mentioned question can be considered as one of the significant contributions of the collaboration of the German philosopher, Martin Heidegger, with the Swiss psychiatrist, Medard Boss, in the development of the Daseinsanalytic movement. 2. Illness as Privation Following Heidegger’s discussion of illness as a privative phenomenon, it is argued that in order to understand being ill appropriately, we must first determine what it means to be healthy, for illness is nothing but the lack of health that is to be recovered through the therapeutic process. The meaning of health itself as a mode of being would depend upon the way we approach human being. Therefore, Heidegger’s existential analytic of Dasein can be of considerable importance in this connection. 3. Health and Human Existence From the Daseinsanalytic perspective, existing as a realm of openness, we are essentially our possibilities of relating to what shows itself to us. Human health is to be considered as being human in its fullness with respect to such a way of being. Accordingly, health in this context would be described as being free for the life possibilities, sustaining our openness to the world to the highest possible degree. Illness, then would be essentially the constriction of one’s own possibilities and what the therapeutic process can do would be to help the clients overcome such problematic constrictions. 3. Daseinsanalysis and Pathology Daseinsanalysis as a phenomenological approach to pathology is concerned with the life-world of the clients, considering the altered structures of human existence. It focuses on the clarification of the way one carries out a disturbed form of being-in-the-world in pathological experiences. Here, the description of the structural aspects of the way we normally relate to the world provides a basis for the characterization of different forms of human illness. This approach offers a specific classification of pathological problems based on the noticeable disturbances in the normal form of responding to the existential traits. 4. The Problematic Link Daseinsanalysis has difficulties in coping properly with a theoretical issue related to the link between its prescriptive pattern of human health that can be characterized by the terms such as the openness to the highest degree, freedom for the possibilities of life, full human way of being, and existential awareness, and its phenomenological approach to pathological experience that has its point of departure in the description of normal form of being-in-the-world. Though the roots of the problem can be traced back to specific elements in Heidegger’s philosophy, thinking about the problematic link appropriately is a necessity for the reassessment of the Daseinsanalytic notion of health and its theoretical strength when the relationships between the issues such as the existential awareness, authentic creativity, being-satisfied with one’s own life, and the so-called mental illness are under consideration. 5. Conclusion Although Daseinsanalysis generally deepens our understanding of pathological experiences, it suffers from the mentioned theoretical problem as a result of the application of a double standard regarding human health. Two possible solutions to the problem can be as follows: 1) the idealization of the notion of health, with the recognition of its implication that the domain of illness, as a deficiency in being human in its fullness, may include both normal and abnormal forms of experience, and 2) taking a mere descriptive stance similar to the alternative phenomenological approaches in this field with the acceptance of the normality as its base for the illustration of the experiential modifications, rather than the commitment to the both at the same time, which may give rise to ambiguity and confusion. Depending on what we are seeking for, each approach has its positive aspects. A mere descriptive approach would be of great importance when the aim is to have a better understanding of clinical data, keeping the connection with the medical concepts and classifications. But in a different context, the idealization of the notion of health would enable us to move beyond the boundaries of the common notion of health and its limitations to clarify the possibility and significance of strengthening the richness of our life in accordance with human capacities, and to bring into focus the possibility of making reference to a broader range of human illness References: - Askay, Richard and Farquhar, Jensen. (2011) Of Philosophers and Madmen: A Disclosure of Martin Heidegger, Medard Boss, and Sigmund Freud, Amsterdam: Rodopi. - Becker, Ernest. (1973) the Denial of Death, New York: The Free Press. - Boss, Medard. (1963) Psychoanalysis and Daseinsanalysis, L. B. Refebre (trans.), New York: Basic Books. - Boss, Medard. (1983) Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology, S Conway and A. Cleaves (trans.), New York: Jason Aronson. - Boss, Medard. (1988) Martin Heidegger’s Zollikon Seminars, B. Kenny (trans.), in: K. Hoeller (ed.), Heidegger and Psychology, Seattle: Promethean Press

The Relation between the İdeal of Beauty and Dependent Beauty in Kant's Philosophy

Javad Amin Khandaqi; Ali Salmani

Volume 9, Issue 16 , May 2015, , Pages 43-60

Abstract

Kant organizes his analysis in terms of four moments of the judgement of taste, each of which is supposed to contribute something essential to the complete exposition of the beautiful ... Read More

Universal Logic as a General Theory of Logic

Musa Akrami

Volume 6, Issue 10 , May 2012, , Pages 44-61

Abstract

Nowadays, we are confronted with important debates concerning “pluralism”, “monism”, “relativism”, and “absolutism” in logic on ... Read More

The Philosophy of Modernism and Role in Education

Khalil Soltanolghorai

Volume 1, Issue 199 , September 2006, , Pages 45-72

Abstract

In the realm of education, self-confidence and belief in the importance of thinking and human inference are very significant and basic. Without ignoring the importance of other methods ... Read More

Relation between Whole and Part in Leibnitz Philosophy

Zahra Noori Sangedehi

Volume 8, Issue 15 , November 2014, , Pages 45-58

Abstract

Here, on the one hand, regarding to the fundamental idea of Leibniz’s philosophy, namely, «Substance”, we will try to study the different kinds of whole and part and ... Read More

Assessment of Wittgenstein's Resolution to the Negative Facts

Mahdi Asadi

Volume 10, Issue 19 , March 2016, , Pages 45-74

Abstract

the essay tries to evaluate Wittgenstein's resolution to the riddle of Russell's negative facts. That is, when we say, for example, "Tehran is not the capital of Ireland" is true, what ... Read More

Ways to Reach the Supreme Being in Mullah Sadra's Thought

Mokhtar Arhami; Saeed Geravand; Mansour İmanpour

Volume 17, Issue 44 , November 2023, , Pages 45-62

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.52506.3288

Abstract

In Mullah Sadra's thought and transcendental wisdom, ways have been introduced to reach the supreme truth, which is the ultimate goal of man in the process of self-perfection. These ... Read More

Evil Demon Hypothesis and Its Position in Descartes' System of Thought

Mustafa Shahraeini; Azizeh Zirak barugi

Volume 7, Issue 13 , December 2013, , Pages 47-67

Abstract

In the First Meditation, Descartes declares some doubts about everything that can be called into doubt. And in the other five meditations, he, by removing all of these doubts, tries ... Read More

An Explanation of three New Moral Approaches to "Demandingness of Morality" and an Analysis and a Critique of Moderate Moral Approach

shirzad payk herfhe

Volume 3, Issue 210 , September 2009, , Pages 47-73

Abstract

"Demandingness of morality" is a new issue in moral philosophy,which, in spite of its antecedents, has seriously and independentlybeen put forward only in the latest decades of the ... Read More

A Critical Veiw on Copleston's Report of the Platonic Ideas

Majid SadrMajles

Volume 4, Issue 216 , July 2010, , Pages 49-80

Abstract

F. Copleston is an outstanding historian of philosophy and his name associates "A History of Philosophy" including 11 volumes. The work is an academic research. At first volume (Greece ... Read More

Philosophical relation of Kant and Leibniz

ESMAIEL SAADATI KHAMSEH

Volume 3, Issue 214 , February 2009, , Pages 49-70

Abstract

Kant in his philosophy has a critical approach to the philosophical doctrines of Leibniz. Kant’s conception of pre-established harmony, intuition, and analytic – synthetic ... Read More

Hegel, Heidegger and the Problem of Time

Mohammad Mahdi Ardebili; Alireza Azadi

Volume 8, Issue 14 , September 2014, , Pages 49-69

Abstract

The stance of history in Metaphysics has never been as elevated as it is after Hegel, although Hegel was not the first to bring the issue of ‘history’ into the arena of ... Read More

Negative attitude on Transcendental Ego in Kant

Masoud Omid; Behzad Hassanpoor

Volume 13, Issue 27 , September 2019, , Pages 51-70

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.29716.2130

Abstract

Transcendental ego is not only one of the essential elements in Kant’s philosophical system, but also is the supreme principle in it. One way of deliberating the Problem of Transcendental ... Read More

Philosophical analysis of the crisis caused by "Coronavirus”

Mansour İmanpour

Volume 14, Issue 31 , July 2020, , Pages 51-75

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.39870.2557

Abstract

The recent crisis of the Corona Virus in the modern era is reminiscent of one of the most enduring issues in the history of philosophy and theology. Philosophers and theologians have ... Read More

Hermeneutics as general art of interpretation in Schleiermacher’s viewpoint

Hossein Kalbasi; Gholam Hossein Ahmadi

Volume 2, Issue 205 , December 2008, , Pages 55-77

Abstract

In this assay, I am going to introduce Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics. hermeneutics, from its beginning in the Greek tradition up till eighteen century, ha been applied to serve ... Read More

Volume 18 (2024)

Volume 17 (2023)

Volume 16 (2022)

Volume 15 (2021)

Volume 14 (2020)

Volume 13 (2019)

Volume 12 (2018)

Volume 11 (2017)

Volume 10 (2016)

Volume 9 (2015)

Volume 8 (2014)

Volume 7 (2013)

Volume 6 (2012)

Volume 5 (2011)

Volume 4 (2010)

Volume 3 (2009)

Volume 2 (2008)

Volume 1 (2007)

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