Journal of Philosophical Investigations

An expression of G.E.Moore's views on the role of "intuition" in the formation of moral concepts and judgments

Ali Akbar Abdolabadi

Volume 12, Issue 23 , September 2018, , Pages 77-90

Abstract

One of the fundamental questions about Moore's ethical intuitionism is that what role the intuition plays in the formation of ethical concepts and judgments. In this paper, I have scrutinized ... Read More

Analysis of Akrasia from the perspective of Alfred Mele and its comparison with Aristotle's point of view

Mohammad Taqdisi; Zahra Khazaei; Mohsen Javadi

Volume 14, Issue 33 , February 2021, , Pages 80-96

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.40773.2615

Abstract

Akrasia, or moral weakness, for Aristotle and many contemporaries, including Alfred Mele, means the freely, intentionally action contrary to one's decisive better judgment, which occurs ... Read More

From Physics to Metaphysics: Islamic Perspective and Contemporary Outlook

Mehdi Golshani

Volume 15, Issue 36 , November 2021, , Pages 83-91

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2021.46921.2899

Abstract

Before the advent of Modern Science, philosophy ruled over sciences. But, after the emergence of modern science, with the appearance of philosophers like Locke and Hume, empiricism ... Read More

Explaining of the Theoretical Model of Philosophical Counseling in Education based on wisdom and Socratic dialogue

Seyyed Hesam Hosseini; Akbar Rahnama; Mahdi Sobhaninejad

Volume 16, Issue 40 , November 2022, , Pages 86-110

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.52473.3309

Abstract

This research was done with the aim of explaining the theoretical model of philosophical counseling in education based on wisdom and Socratic dialogue. The type of research is applied ... Read More

Ethics in Politics, the Outcome of Modern Epistemology

Nastaran Balinparast; Hassan Fathzade

Volume 13, Issue 29 , January 2020, , Pages 89-108

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.31727.2229

Abstract

This paper examines the reducibility of politics to classical ethics by examining the presumed assumptions of the relationship between ethics and politics. After criticizing classical ... Read More

Aesthetic logic of Communicative Rationality in Habermas’s Thoughts and Its Relation with Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgment and Adorno's Modern Art

Abdolamjeed Moballeghi

Volume 8, Issue 15 , November 2014, , Pages 91-110

Abstract

This paper aims to provide an aesthetic foundation for Jürgen Habermas’s theory of “Communicative Rationality”. It argues that Immanuel Kant's “Critique ... Read More

Hermeneutical phenomenology survey of relation between place and architecture

Mohammad javad Safian; Maedeh Ansari; Ali Ghafari; Mohammad Masood Masood

Volume 5, Issue 8 , May 2011, , Pages 93-129

Abstract

There are various methods that can be used to understand the fundamental concepts of each of the branches of human knowledge, one of which is philosophy. Philosophy inquires into the ... Read More

بحثی تطبیقی در مونادهای لایب‏نیتس و تشکیک وجود ملاصدرا

Ali FathTaheri

Volume 6, Issue 11 , November 2012, , Pages 95-108

Abstract

ملاصدرا و لایب‏نیتس دو فیلسوف از دو جهان متفاوت‏اند، یکی شرق و دیگری غرب. آنها اگر چه از عقاید یکدیگر ... Read More

Simple-If Question and Essence’s Being Existent; Mullā Sadrā v.s. Mīr Dāmād

Davood Hosseini

Volume 12, Issue 25 , February 2019, , Pages 95-111

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8017

Abstract

Abstract Mīr Dāmād, in Qabasāt argues that existence cannot be a real property for essences. If existence, he argues, were a real property of an essence, there would remain ... Read More Abstract Mīr Dāmād, in Qabasāt argues that existence cannot be a real property for essences. If existence, he argues, were a real property of an essence, there would remain no distinction between simple-if and compound-if questions. It is well-known that Mullā Sadrā has given three different accounts in order to explain essence’s being existent: first that existence is an analytical property for essence; second that none of existence or essence is a property of the other one; and third that essence is a property of existence. In this paper, I will argue that the first account would be defeated by Mīr Dāmād’s argument. The second account concedes the conclusion of the argument and then it would be in contrary with Mullasadra’s own view on the reality of existence, unless this account is augmented with the third one. The third account, however, can evade the argument. But it should be noted that the third account is based on Mullasadra’s own view on the reality of existence and the primacy of existence to essence. Keywords: existence, to be existent, simple-if question, compound-if question, property. 1. Introductıon In al-’Ufuq al-Mubīn (1391H, 59) Mīr Dāmād claims that not all predicates of a subject manifest a real property for that subject. A real property of a subject is something which is superadded to the subject. Examples include a body’s being red or a body’s being above another body. In such cases, the predicates correspond with some feature of the subjects which are not the same as those subjects, in reality. This is opposed to the body’s being itself, for example. In this case, the body itself is not something which is superadded to the body. 2. Mīr dāmād agaınst the realıty of exıstence The controversial example is essence’s being existent. Is the existence of an essence something superadded to the essence? In Mīr Dāmād’s words, is existence a real property for essence? Mīr Dāmād, in Qabasāt (1367H, 37) argues that existence cannot be a real property for essences. For this end, he notifies that there is a distinction between propositions that is parallel to the distinction between real and non-real properties. If P is a real property for a, then the proposition that a is P is a compound-if proposition. On the other hand, it is a commonplace that the only example of simple-if propositions is one that contains existence as its predicate. Now, he continues, suppose that existence is a real property. Then, the proposition that a exists would become a compound-if proposition. But this contradicts the well-established premise that the proposition that a exists is a simple-if proposition. Consequently, he argues, if existence were a real property of an essence, there would remain no distinction between simple-if and compound-if questions. The major problem that Mīr Dāmād is dealing with is how to explain essence’s being existent. His view is that, in reality, essence’s being existent is nothing but the essence itself. He, then, goes a step forward and claims that existence is nothing in reality. We only have the concept of existence in our minds. With these moves Mīr Dāmād, in some sense, resolves the problem of the relationship between essence and existence, in reality. 3. Mullā sadrā on the relatıonshıp between exıstence and essence It is well-known that Mullā Sadrā, Mīr Dāmād’s pupil, was in disagreement with the teacher with respect to the reality of existence (1981). He believes that existence is a real entity in the world as opposed to essence. So, he should explain how essence is existent. Actually, he has given three different accounts in order to explain essence’s being existent (1302H; 1363H). Mullā Sadrā’s first account is that existence is an analytical property for essence. He defines analytical property as the following: P is an analytic property for a iff a cannot be but not has P. Mullā Sadrā’s second explanation is that none of existence or essence is a property of the other one. His third thesis is that essence is a property of existence. 4. Mullā sadrā v.s. mīr dāmād My major concern in this paper is this problem: which of these three accounts for essence’s being existent offered by Mullā Sadrā can overcome Mīr Dāmād’s seminal argument? The first account would be defeated by Mīr Dāmād’s argument, since, any kind of real property, whether it is analytical or not, are associated with a compound-if proposition. This causes essence’s being existent to be manifested by a compound-if proposition. The second account concedes the conclusion of the argument. As we saw, Mīr Dāmād claims that the conclusion of his argument guarantees that existence is nothing in the world. This cannot be swallowed by Mullā Sadrā whose own view is that existence is real. The third account, however, can evade the argument, insofar as existence is not a property of essence. But it should be noted that the third account is based on Mullasadra’s own view on the reality of existence and the primacy of existence to essence. 5. Concluding remarks If the arguments rendered above are sound, we reach to a criterion in order to interpret Mullā Sadrā’s view on the relationship between existence and essence: his thesis that existence is real is more fundamental than his explanation for the problem of essence’s being existence. References - Mīr Dāmād, Muhammad Bāqir. (1367H). al-Qabasāt, Edited by Mahī Muḥaqqiq, Tehan: TUP. - Mīr Dāmād, Muhammad Bāqir. (1391H). al-’Ufuq al-Mubīn, Edited by Hāmid Nājī Iṣfahānī, Tehran: Mīrāth Maktūb. - Mullā Sadrā, Muhammad, (1981). Al-Ḥikma al-Mut‘alīyah, Beyrouth: Dar Īḥya al-Turāth al-‘arabī. - Mullā Sadrā, Muhammad, (1302H). Majmū‘a al-rasāil al-tes‘ah, Qum: Maktiba al-Muṣṭafā. - Mullā Sadrā, Muhammad, (1363H). al-Mashā‘ir, Edited by Henry Corbin, Tehran: Tahoori Library.

Illustration as a Philosophy Training Tool for Children: analysis of image text in three works by Shell Silverstein and Wolf Erlbruch

Firoozeh Sheibani Rezvani; Maryam Bakhtiarian

Volume 16, Issue 39 , September 2022, , Pages 96-112

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.52604.3306

Abstract

This article qualitatively introduces the use of illustrations in children's books as a mediator of intellectual understanding and critical thinking. To show the importance of teaching ... Read More

Examination of the Relationship between Faith and Rationality from Kierkegaard's Point of View

Shima Shahriari

Volume 9, Issue 16 , May 2015, , Pages 97-120

Abstract

Søren Kierkegaard was one of the most influential Christian philosophers and theologians in the nineteenth century. He presented a view on the relationship between faith and ... Read More

The Role of Non-Empirical Assumptions in Science and Its Consequences on the Idea of Local- Religious Science

Amir Hajizadeh

Volume 15, Issue 34 , May 2021, , Pages 100-121

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.42279.2687

Abstract

The movements of philosophy of science after the sixties, in particular, have abandoned the principle of verificationism and the belief in an explicit and absolute method for evaluating ... Read More

Heisenberg's Philosophical Approaches in the Development of Quantum Mechanics with the Copenhagen Interpretation

Seyyed Hedayat Sajadi

Volume 15, Issue 37 , December 2021, , Pages 100-130

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2021.49200.3067

Abstract

Heisenberg is one of the founders of quantum mechanics, and one of the pioneers and intellectual leaders of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. He proposed in two seminal ... Read More

John Hare's Assessment of Kant's Theism Regarding the Moral Gap

Marzieh Reazeian; Nafiseh Sate; Marzieh Sadeghi

Volume 18, Issue 46 , April 2024, , Pages 100-114

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2024.57224.3567

Abstract

John Hare interprets the moral gap according to Kant's teachings that is in practical reason and between moral will and human desire. He considers the first step to bridge this gap ... Read More

Legal Interpretivism versus Legal Pragmatism: an Assessment

Morteza Nouri

Volume 14, Issue 30 , May 2020, , Pages 101-121

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.35121.2373

Abstract

Ronald Dworkin’s interpretivism contains significant elements which might be both regarded as advantages and disadvantages of this legal theory. Among them, the main one is the ... Read More

The Philosophical Basis of Reformism in the viewpoint of Paul Tillich

Hosein Noruzi

Volume 4, Issue 219 , November 2010, , Pages 103-118

Abstract

Paul Tillich is certainly regarded as one of the most prominent theologians of the twentieth century. His fundamental concern is reconciling religion with the contemporary culture. ... Read More

A Critical Analysis of the Third Paralogism of Kant's Paralogisms of Pure Reason

ahmad hamdollahi

Volume 13, Issue 26 , June 2019, , Pages 103-121

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8356

Abstract

In the third paralogism, Kant seeking to show that the recognition of identity and the personality of the soul is not possible, and the argument which claims to be the proof of identity ... Read More

Contingent Conditionals in Modern Logic

ASADOLLAH FALLAHI

Volume 3, Issue 214 , February 2009, , Pages 105-133

Abstract

Contingent conditionals, at the comparative logical works, has yielded different, and often inconsistent, analyses. At contemporaries’ works, there are two approaches to the contingent ... Read More

Plantinga’s Reformed Epistemology and Religious Extremism: Some Historical Evidences

Jalal Peykani; Meysam Sadeghpour

Volume 9, Issue 17 , December 2015, , Pages 105-116

Abstract

According to Plantinga’s reformed epistemology, as perceptual beliefs, religious beliefs are properly basic, and therefore need no additional justification. But as it has ... Read More

Being for Others from Sartre's Viewpoint

Mustafa Shahraeini; Raziyeh Zeynali

Volume 5, Issue 9 , November 2011, , Pages 107-128

Abstract

The relation between subject and object is the main concern for Jean-paul Sartre, especially in his Being and Nothingness. Thus, he first of all divides Being into two categories: ... Read More

The Evolutions of Science According to the Three Philosophical Journeys; the originality of nature, the originality of existence of gradational oneness and the originality of existence of personal oneness

Ali Babaei

Volume 17, Issue 44 , November 2023, , Pages 108-129

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2023.53905.3419

Abstract

Mulla Sadra has experienced three philosophical journeys: the originality of nature, the originality of existence of gradational oneness and the originality of existence of personal ... Read More

Eidetic Reduction, The Origin of Heidegger’s Departure from Husserl

Hassan Fathzadeh

Volume 10, Issue 18 , August 2016, , Pages 111-124

Abstract

By reducing the history and actuality of things, phenomenology attains to pure phenomena, and so it makes its special realm itself. But we would lose the world by phenomenological reduction, ... Read More

Richard Rorty on Traditional Philosophy

Mohammad Asghari

Volume 1, Issue 202 , December 2007, , Pages 113-142

Abstract

We have been investigated different ideas of Richard Rorty and result of this paper shows that he contributes some features and important properties to the western traditional philosophy ... Read More

The Internal Inconsistency of the Late Wittgenstein’s Viewpoint

Abdolrahim Fatemi

Volume 8, Issue 14 , September 2014, , Pages 113-130

Abstract

In spite of all Wittgenstein’s efforts in making the internal consistency of his late viewpoint, a precise survey shows that it suffers from some inconsistencies. One of the cases ... Read More

The Paradigmatic Significance of Perception in Mullā Ṣadrā’s Philosophy of Being

Anthony F. Shaker

Volume 12, Issue 24 , October 2018, , Pages 115-143

Abstract

Ṣadrā presents the usefulness of the faculties of perception governed by the intellect as a fitting paradigm for understanding man’s being in the world in relation to the divine ... Read More

Volume 18 (2024)

Volume 17 (2023)

Volume 16 (2022)

Volume 15 (2021)

Volume 14 (2020)

Volume 13 (2019)

Volume 12 (2018)

Volume 11 (2017)

Volume 10 (2016)

Volume 9 (2015)

Volume 8 (2014)

Volume 7 (2013)

Volume 6 (2012)

Volume 5 (2011)

Volume 4 (2010)

Volume 3 (2009)

Volume 2 (2008)

Volume 1 (2007)

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