Journal of Philosophical Investigations

An Analysis of Kant's Viewpoint on the Criterion of Moral Value Based on Henson and Herman's Interpretations

Ali Asghar Hashemzadeh

Volume 17, Issue 44 , November 2023, , Pages 766-786

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2023.56859.3547

Abstract

Kant argues that an action is morally worthy only if it is done not from inclination or self-interest but from duty. In the Groundwork, he provides examples to illustrate that the presence ... Read More

Immanence is Volatile! a critique on reading Hjelmslev’s Theory of Language as “Critique of Pure Linguistic Reason”

Mohammad Amin Shakeri

Volume 17, Issue 43 , August 2023, , Pages 66-88

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.50430.3138

Abstract

In his critical reading of the book Prolegomena to a Theory of Language, Safaie (2021), referring to a Kantian epistemology and several other approaches, considers Hjelmslev’s ... Read More

The Influence of Kant’s Epistemology on Kierkegaard

Soroush Saberi; Ali Karbasizadeh Isfahani

Volume 17, Issue 43 , August 2023, , Pages 132-152

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.51079.3170

Abstract

There could be various comparative studies between Kant and Kierkegaard on fields like human knowledge, ethics, faith, art, etc. This paper aims to compare the two philosopher’s ... Read More

Kant's Theory of Knowledge and its Inherent Contradiction: examining the Kant's theory of knowledge based on Kant's own criterion in formation of knowledge

Mohammad Aslani

Volume 17, Issue 43 , August 2023, , Pages 299-319

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.50366.3120

Abstract

In his theory of knowledge, Kant presents an exclusive method for obtaining science by applying categories to the data of sensory intuition. "A priori synthetic propositions" are those ... Read More

The Place of Imagination in Moral Education based on Kant’s View

Milad Jamili; Khosrow Bagheri Noaparast; Narges Sadat Sajjadieh

Volume 16, Issue 39 , September 2022, , Pages 1-26

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.52650.3319

Abstract

In his writings and theories, Kant refers to three imaginations, each of which has a clear definition and a recognized purpose, and which can be considered in their ability for general ... Read More

Comparative and Critical Study of the Concept of Freedom in the thought of Kant and Heidegger

Issa Mousazadeh; Ali Aghaiepour; Mostafa Abedi Jigheh

Volume 16, Issue 39 , September 2022, , Pages 643-657

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2021.48246.3002

Abstract

In a sense, freedom is one of the most important concepts in the history of philosophy, which plays a fundamental role in the thought of philosophers, but like many other concepts, ... Read More

Corona and the Answer to Other's Suffering in the Light of Kant's Duty-Oriented Ethics and Responsibility Approach of Levinas

Hamedeh Rastaei

Volume 16, Issue 38 , May 2022, , Pages 263-286

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2022.47551.2945

Abstract

The corona virus has affected the lives of many people around the world and has caused physical, psychological, economic harm to human societies. Individuals' attitudes toward the sufferings ... Read More

Aesthetics of Tourism according to Kant`s Attitude to the Nature in Critique of Judgment

Farideh Afarin; Bita Abde Nikfarjam

Volume 15, Issue 37 , December 2021, , Pages 546-579

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2021.46631.2875

Abstract

interaction between sciences and philosophy In this research, we intend to examine Immanuel Kant's definition of nature in his critique of judgment in both parts, i.e., aesthetics ... Read More interaction between sciences and philosophy In this research, we intend to examine Immanuel Kant's definition of nature in his critique of judgment in both parts, i.e., aesthetics and teleology. Then, we will evaluate these definitions of nature with the criteria of different trends of tourism such as nature tourism. Then we answer the question: Do Kant's definitions of nature in teleology and the relationship of nature with beauty and sublimity and the examples mentioned in this book, provide a proper Criteria for the goals, aspirations, and scopes of nature tourism? Do tourists of nature take us for a walk in the nature that Kant defines or sometimes describes? Supposedly, both have a lot in common with emphasis on human ends and the importance of morality in praising beauty of nature. We search with a descriptive-analytical method to answer this question: How can a framework for aesthetics of tourism be provided from Kant's third critique? Research studies show that in order to organize the framework of aesthetics of tourism based on Kant's third critique, it is better to first outline the basic rubrics of the critique of the teleological judgment. In the second part of the third critique, considering the organic position of nature and its purpose and also the mechanistic expansion of nature under the supersensible principle, while eliminating the contradiction of this duality, the role of the purpose of nature and human as the ultimate purpose are discussed. In this part, an expansive view is seen for the relationship between man and nature with regard to the ultimate purpose and final purpose. According to the general point of view, human being, from the purposes and recognizing his/her position as the ultimate purpose and paying attention to the final purpose, will reach to a more detailed point of view. Human being, reflects on natural effects and charms and free and dependent beauties based on nature, artifacts and artworks. As a result, the role of beauty and sublimity of nature in cultivating the moral dimension and the promotion of human culture is considered as one of the basic foundations of aesthetics of tourism, especially nature tourism.

Robespierre-Kant: A Study of the Relationship between Absolute Freedom and Terror and Kant's Philosophy of Ethics Based on the Hegel's Phenomenology of spirit

Mohsen Bagherzadeh Meshkibaf

Volume 15, Issue 37 , December 2021, , Pages 627-653

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.37889.2497

Abstract

In Phenomenology of the Spirit, Hegel depicts the dialectical structure of the history of European human consciousness. In all the transitions of consciousness to different outcomes, ... Read More

Positive Freedom and Liberalism in Kant's Political Philosophy

Ali Abedi Renani; Faez Dinparast

Volume 15, Issue 35 , September 2021, , Pages 182-202

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2021.44117.2748

Abstract

The subject of this article is the analysis of the concept of freedom as one of the fundamental issues of political thought in Kant’s philosophy. Given Isaiah Berlin’s typology ... Read More

C. Stephen Layman’s Moral Argument

Bahram Alizadeh

Volume 15, Issue 34 , May 2021, , Pages 248-266

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.42353.2688

Abstract

C. Stephen Layman has argued that (1) In every actual case one has most reason to do what is morally required. (2) If there is no God and no life after death, then there are cases in ... Read More

Improvement of Reason and Legal Syestem in Kant's Thought

Artemis Ghoubadi; Mohammad Reza Shamshiri; Zohreh Saadatmand

Volume 15, Issue 34 , May 2021, , Pages 284-299

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.40683.2610

Abstract

Enlightenment, in Kant's philosophical system, focuses on the future in which, man can attain his essence, that is to say, his freedom and the maximum efflorescence of talents; the ... Read More

Establishment of Kant’s peace through international rule of law

Parisa Daneshfar; Heibatollah Najandimanesh

Volume 14, Issue 33 , February 2021, , Pages 115-129

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2020.42991.2721

Abstract

Kant’s Cosmopolitan and apriori approach has influenced the formation of government and universal peace theories and international organizations such as the United Nations which ... Read More

Women Status According to Spinoza and Kant's Thought

Fatemeh Bakhtiyari

Volume 14, Issue 30 , May 2020, , Pages 20-37

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.32096.2246

Abstract

Spinoza, Dutch philosopher of the seventeenth century, and Kant, the hero of enlightenment, have dealt with women and their differences with men in their works. In a few places, Spinoza ... Read More

The Problem of Truth in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason

Mohammad Reza Abdollahnejad; Khadije Gholizadeh

Volume 13, Issue 27 , September 2019, , Pages 187-212

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.34948.2367

Abstract

The absence of a separate entry or section on “truth” in the Critique of Pure Reason, the presence of some ambiguous, complicated and problematic-interpretable expressions ... Read More The absence of a separate entry or section on “truth” in the Critique of Pure Reason, the presence of some ambiguous, complicated and problematic-interpretable expressions and utterances in some parts of that work, and the formation of some extreme contradictory interpretations concerning these utterances on the part of some of Kant’s commentators, are the most important obstacles encountered by contemporary Kantian scholars in presenting a unitary, coherent and transparent view of Kant’s theory of truth. Hence, the question about the nature of truth in Critique of Pure Reason has become a fundamental problem among Kantian scholars. The present paper, without undue adhering to one of the two extreme common interpretations on Kant’s theory of truth (which one of them has considered Kant to be advocate of traditional correspondence theory of truth and the other has taken him as the founder of coherence theory of truth), and only by analyzing Kant’s new conception of “judgment” as an epistemic (and not logical) relation between representations emphasizes this important point that the general structure of Critique of Pure Reason requires that the traditional correspondence theory of truth not be entirely abandoned and not completely preserved in its traditional form. In other words, by revising and completing the traditional correspondence theory of truth, the Critique established the foundations of a new conception of truth that can be called “transcendental correspondence theory of truth”. According to this new conception, truth is a condition without which a judgment or cognition cannot correspond with its object and consequently cannot have objective validity; The constituent representations of a judgment could become true knowledge or objective empirical judgment only when they are synthesized in accordance with possible experience (i.e. universal a priori rules or principles of experience).

Unpacking and Explaining the Role of Symbol in Kant's Philosophy & Aesthetics

Farideh Afarin

Volume 13, Issue 26 , June 2019, , Pages 1-24

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8457

Abstract

In the Kantian symbolism, it seems that there is a different kind of rule or modes of presentations, which sheds new light on a variety of concepts of understanding with references ... Read More

A Critical Analysis of the Third Paralogism of Kant's Paralogisms of Pure Reason

ahmad hamdollahi

Volume 13, Issue 26 , June 2019, , Pages 103-121

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8356

Abstract

In the third paralogism, Kant seeking to show that the recognition of identity and the personality of the soul is not possible, and the argument which claims to be the proof of identity ... Read More

The Review of Moral Interpretation of Aesthetic Deduction in Kant’s thought

Ali Salmani; Davood Mirzaii

Volume 13, Issue 26 , June 2019, , Pages 213-232

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8008

Abstract

Kant needs to deduction in order to provide for universal and necessary validity of aesthetic judgment in the critique of judgment. In the deduction sections, He wants a reply to this ... Read More

Kant and Heıdegger on Phenomenon: a Crıtıcal Comparıson

Mohammadjavad Safian

Volume 13, Issue 26 , June 2019, , Pages 233-246

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8029

Abstract

The phenomenon is one of the ancient words in the history of western philosophy. It is used repeatedly in the works of Plato and Aristotle, and also is in Hume, Kant, Hegel, Husserl, ... Read More

Alain Badiou and Subtractive Ontology in Kant

zahra namayandegi; Ali Fath taheri

Volume 12, Issue 25 , February 2019, , Pages 231-252

https://doi.org/10.22034/jpiut.2019.8009

Abstract

Abstract Undoubtedly, Kant is one of the most effective figures in the history of western philosophy because he created a great evolution in this history by his so-called Copernican ... Read More Abstract Undoubtedly, Kant is one of the most effective figures in the history of western philosophy because he created a great evolution in this history by his so-called Copernican revolution and the interwoven relation of subject and object. As is acknowledged by many scholars, Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most important epistemological works in the new era that has set the boundaries of knowledge and has offered a new and unmatched description of how knowledge is gained by subject. Accordingly, most released commentaries of Kant’s philosophical outlook are epistemological. But Alain Badiou, contemporary French philosopher, contrary to common interpretation, presents an ontological one. He himself offers a kind of ontology named subtractive ontology, and believes that we can recognize it, due to how Kant formulates transcendental subject and object, forms of sensible intuition, and categories of understanding. As a result, he describes the features of Kantian ontology in his works Briefings on Existence and Theoretical Writings. The authors of this article see his claim notable and realizable. So, we will try to introduce the specifications of subtractive ontology and then check Badiou’s claim of Kant’s ontology. Finally, we will explain some reasons to criticize his belief. Key Words: Badiou, Kant, Subtractive Ontology, Transcendental Subject, Transcendental Object Introduction The authors of this article try to read Badiou’s interpretation of Kant’s philosophy. In doing so, first we see two of his most famous books about Kant: Briefings on Existence and Theoretical Writings. In them, he claims that Kant should be read as an ontologist, because of some main notions as subject and object. Then, he tries to compare ontology in Kant with the one he names subtractive ontology and which is based on mathematics. So, we read his book, Being and Event, and review some of Badiou’s important ontological foundations as situation, set theory, void set, presentation, power set etc. in order to study his claim. According to Badiou, the existence of transcendental subject and transcendental object, which he names proto-transcendental subject and proto- transcendental object, proves that we can consider Kant as an ontologist, and therefore an ontological interpretation of him is inevitable. In spite of this claim, Badiou also remember that, because of relational character of subject and object, we essentially describe them as epistemological entities. Finally, we conclude that ontological and epistemological interpretation of Kant seems inseparable. For this reason, we have to pay attention to key role of void in Badiou's ontology, i.e. subtractive ontology, and show its differences with Heidegger's fundamental ontology. Conclusion Ontology in Kant, according to Heidegger, is preceded by epistemology and, according to Badiou, they are implicit in Kant's thought; hence, according to Heidegger, Kant's ontology is complete and more important than epistemology. In contrast, Badiou says that Kant cannot never completely rid himself of epistemological strains. Heidegger even talks about Kant's ability to better understand. He believes that if we consider Kant to be an ontologist, we can understand him better than himself. Badiou believes that by relying more on a number of categories, instead of relying on the connection between the subject and the object, the Kantian can be seen deeper than conventional and epistemological believers. Kant is an ontologist. However, Badiou's insistence on the existence of Kant's ontological dimensions is significant. On the one hand, he himself cannot ignore the great and inevitable role of epistemology in Kant, because the characteristics of the subject and object in his view, moreover, of the form of formation Recognizing the human being from the real world through the certainty and necessity of the past elements, and drawing the focus of past writing theorems. Therefore, the relationship between the whole and the whole subject with the object makes it impossible for each other to exist, because, in Kant's opinion, the subject creates the universe; therefore, the existence of the subject and object serves their epistemological function. Whereas the distinction Kant between Neumann and Phenomenon confines his ontological view to phenomena, while he does not directly associate the existence with such a distinction, he basically dismisses it. Counts On the other hand, the elements of Kant's philosophy, as the ontological foundations, cannot be fully coherent with the definition of a person from the ontology of introspection, because the recognition of concepts such as subject, object, sensory intuition, and categories Understanding their epistemological functions in Kant's view of one and the other, and the reasons for their explanation, namely, the need to respond to the circumstances of Kant's time on the other. Consequently, even if we want to accept the ontology of the discourse in Kant, we must rightly affirm that the ontology of discourse in Kant is on epistemology. References: - Badiou, A. (2006) a. Being and Event, translated by Oliver Feltham, London: Continuum. - Badio, A. (2006) b. Briefings on Existence: A Short Treatise on Transitory Ontology, translated by Norman Madarasz, New York: SUNY Press. - Badiou, A. (2009) Logics of Worlds, translated by Alberto Toscano, London: Continuum. - Badiou, A. (1991) "On a Finally Objectless Subject", in Who Comes after the Subject, translated by B.Fink, 24-32, New York: Routledge. - Badiou, A. (2004) Theoretical Writings, translated by Ray Brassier and Alberto Toscano, New York: Continuum. - Forster, Michael N. (2008) Kant and skepticism, Prinston University Press. - Heidegger, M. (1990) Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, Forth edition enlarged, translated by Richard Taft, Bloomington: Indian University Press. - Kant, I. (1998) Critique of Pure Reason, translated by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - Kullman, O. (2011) Some Remarks on the Philosophy of Alain Badiou: Mathematics, Ontology, Politics, available in http://cs.swan.ac.uk/~csoliver/ Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Logic and Cognition. - Wolf, R. P. (1963) Kant`s Theory of Mental Activity, A Commentary on the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique…, United States: Harvard University Press.

How to Escape Irrelevance: Performance Philosophy, Public Philosophy and Borderless Philosophy

Robert Hanna

Volume 12, Issue 24 , October 2018, , Pages 55-82

Abstract

Carlo Cellucci has rightly pointed out that contemporary professional academic philosophy has a serious problem of irrelevance. Performance philosophy and public philosophy are ... Read More

The Concept of "Interest": Kant & Adorno

Arman Shoja; Amir Maziar

Volume 12, Issue 22 , June 2018, , Pages 63-76

Abstract

In the first moment of the analytic of the beautiful, in the first section of his book, Kant analyses judgment of taste (which he defines as judging something to be beautiful) concerning ... Read More

The status of "Anthropology" in Kant's moral system

Azam Mohseni; Yousef Shaghoul

Volume 10, Issue 18 , June 2016, , Pages 219-241

Abstract

Establishing an efficient moral discipline depends on the accurate and comprehensive recognition of the human nature as the morality subject. In fact, the necessary precondition of ... Read More

Kant and the problem of Meaningfulness or Meaningless of Metaphysics

Masoud Omid

Volume 10, Issue 19 , March 2016, , Pages 93-113

Abstract

One of the most important questions on Kant’s philosophy is the meaningfulness or meaningless of metaphysics. This article tries to answer two questions on Kant’s philosophy:Is ... Read More

Critique of Pure Reason; an analysis of Heidegger's reading

Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari; Hamid Eskandari

Volume 9, Issue 16 , May 2015, , Pages 155-175

Abstract

We know that Martin Heidegger (in "Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics") presented some ontological interpretation of "Critique of Pure Reason" as opposed to other epistemological interpretations. ... Read More

Volume 18 (2024)

Volume 17 (2023)

Volume 16 (2022)

Volume 15 (2021)

Volume 14 (2020)

Volume 13 (2019)

Volume 12 (2018)

Volume 11 (2017)

Volume 10 (2016)

Volume 9 (2015)

Volume 8 (2014)

Volume 7 (2013)

Volume 6 (2012)

Volume 5 (2011)

Volume 4 (2010)

Volume 3 (2009)

Volume 2 (2008)

Volume 1 (2007)

Keywords = Kant

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